関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

08:02
Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
Published on: May 7, 2016
放射状の口を持つ大きな付属の節足類は,ドイツ,下デボニアンのハンズラック・スレート (Hunsruck Slate) から発見された
Gabriele Kühl1, Derek E G Briggs, Jes Rust
1Division of Palaeontology, Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
まとめ
新しい化石,Schinderhannes bartelsiは,大付属の節足類の既知の範囲を1億年延長している. この発見は,アノマロカリジドの重要な特徴が,ユーアートロポッドの放射線を受けた後も長く存在していたことを示しています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 節足類の研究 節足類の研究
背景:
- 特殊な前肢によって定義される大付属節足は,以前はカンブリア期中期からしか知られていなかった.
- 初期の節足類の進化史と多様性は,現在も活発な研究の対象となっている.
研究 の 目的:
- 偉大な付属の節足類の既知の階層学および時間的範囲を拡張する新しい化石節足類を記述する.
- 初期のエウアートロポッド内のこの新しい分類種の系統的位置を調べる.
- 化石記録におけるアノマロカリジドの特徴の持続性を理解する.
主な方法:
- 化石の場所の地質年代測定と層図分析.
- 化石標本,Schinderhannes bartelsi.の詳細な形態学的検査を行った.
- 進化的関係を決定するためにクラディスティック法を用いた系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- ドイツのダウン・デボニアン・ハンズリュック・スレートにおけるSchinderhannes bartelsiの発見は,大付属の節足類の範囲を1億年ほど拡大した.
- Schinderhannes bartelsiは,特殊な水泳付属体を含め,アノマロカリジドとエウアートロポッドの特徴のユニークな組み合わせを示しています.
- クラディスティック分析は,この新分類種を,冠群エウアートロポッドに基礎的に位置づけ,大付属の節足類がパラフィレティックであることを示しています.
結論:
- Schinderhannes bartelsiの発見は,大きな付属の節足類の既知の化石記録を大幅に後退させます.
- この化石は,多段に分割された猛禽類の付属体や板状の口などの原始的な特徴の長期的な持続性を,最初のユーアートロポッド放射を超えて実証しています.
関連する概念動画
Surface Appendages of Archaea
Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
The axial skeleton of the adult...
The Hyoid Bone
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Lampbrush Chromosomes
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Diversity of Protists III
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

