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関連する概念動画

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s,...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Zinc-finger Nuclease Enhanced Gene Targeting in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x):バレンスの電子数を増やすことを通して,標的とした構造変化.

Volodymyr Svitlyk1, Gordon J Miller, Yurij Mozharivskyj

  • 1Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

ガドリニウムシリコンフォスフィード (Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x)) システムにおける相変換が研究されました. 増加したリンの置換により,スラブ間のダイマーが破裂し,結晶構造が変化し,Sm(5) Ge(4) 型構造が拡張されます.

科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 固体化学 固体化学
  • クリスタルグラフィーです.

背景:

  • ガドリニウムシリシドとその合金には興味深い構造的および電子的特性があります.
  • 段階変換の理解は,材料の特性を調整するために非常に重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x) システムにおける相変換を調査する.
  • 結晶構造の変化とバレンスの電子の数を相関させるため.
  • Sm(5) Ge(4) 型構造の安定性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 構造分析のためのX線微分法 (XRD).
  • Gd ((5) Si ((4-x) P ((x)) で,SiをPで体系的に置き換える.
  • 緊密に結合する線形マフィン・ティン・オービタル (TB-LMTO) 計算.

主要な成果:

  • Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x) システム (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) で観察された相変換.
  • P置換によるバレンスの電子数の増加は,インタースラブT-Tダイマーの破裂につながります.
  • Gd(5) Si(2.75) P(1.25) 段階では,[Gd(5) T(4) ]のスラブの切断運動が示されています.

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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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  • オーソロンビック Sm(5) Ge(4) 型構造は,電位電子数>31 e(-) /formula 単位で安定する.

    • 結論:

    • 研究されたシステムでは,結晶構造とバレンスの電子数との間に強い結合が存在します.
    • P置換はスラブ間の結合とスラブ配置に影響を与えます.
    • TB-LMTOの計算は,アンチボンド状態の集団によるダイマー分裂の電子的起源を確認した.