リスク行動に対するHIV抗体カウンセリングと検査の効果に関する証拠
D L Higgins1, C Galavotti, K R O'Reilly
1Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|November 6, 1991
まとめ
HIV抗体カウンセリングと検査は,同性愛者男性と静脈注射薬物使用者におけるリスク行動の減少を示した. 妊娠中の女性については証拠は限られていたが,感染したパートナーを持つ異性愛者のカップルではリスク低下を示した.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
背景:
- ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 抗体カウンセリングと検査は,重要な介入です.
- リスク行動への影響を理解することは,予防戦略にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- HIV抗体カウンセリングと検査の行動効果に関する証拠をレビューする.
- 同性愛者男性,静脈注射薬物使用者,妊婦,異性愛者を含む多様な集団に焦点を当てます.
主な方法:
- 出版された摘要,ジャーナル記事,会議プレゼンテーションの体系的なレビュー (1986-1990).
- 方法論的な弱点のために16の研究を除外した後,50の研究を含めた.
- サンプル選択,比較グループ,統計的有意性に基づく研究の評価.
主要な成果:
- 同性愛者男性に関する長期的研究では,検査後のリスク行動が減少していることが示された.
- 治療中の静脈注射薬物使用者は,薬物使用と性的リスク行動の減少を示しました.
- 1人の感染したパートナーを持つ異性愛者のカップルではリスクの大幅な低下が観察されましたが,妊婦の場合の証拠は限られています.
結論:
- HIVカウンセリングと検査は,特定の集団におけるリスク行動修正の可能性を示しています.
- さまざまな環境と人口統計における行動的影響を調査するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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