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デンドリット細胞の受容体の特定により,死滅の感知と免疫の感知を結びつける
David Sancho1, Olivier P Joffre, Anna M Keller
1Immunobiology Laboratory, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
Nature
|February 17, 2009
まとめ
死細胞は免疫反応を誘発する. CD8alpha+樹状細胞は,これらの細胞を感知するためにCLEC9Aを使用し,T細胞プライミングを開始します. この発見は,移植における免疫と癌の拒絶を理解するために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 死細胞のクリアランスの低下は,炎症と組織修復を引き起こす.
- ネクロティック細胞の抗原は,特定の免疫反応を誘発し,移植拒絶や腫瘍拒絶のような非感染的な状況での適応免疫を潜在的に説明することができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 死細胞のデンドリット細胞認識におけるCLEC9Aの役割を調査する.
- CLEC9Aが死細胞に対する免疫応答を媒介する分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- マウスモデルでCLEC9Aのノックアウトとブロック戦略を活用した.
- CD8+ dendritic 細胞による死細胞物質の吸収を評価した.
- 抗原のクロスプレゼンテーションを in vitro と in vivo で測定した死細胞の免疫性.
- CLEC9A機能におけるチロシンキナーゼSYKの役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- CD8alpha+樹状細胞は,CLEC9Aを利用して死滅細胞を認識する.
- CLEC9Aの喪失または阻害は,死んだ細胞の抗原と死滅細胞の免疫性との交叉プレゼンテーションを減少させます.
- CLEC9Aの機能には,SYKの募集と活性化のために特定のチロシン残留物が必要であり,これはクロスプレゼンテーションに不可欠です.
- CLEC9Aは,SYK結合C型レクチン受容体として働き,死滅を感知する.
結論:
- CLEC9Aは,CD8alpha+ dendritic細胞にとって重要な受容体であり,死滅細胞を感知する.
- SYK経由のCLEC9Aシグナル伝達は,死んだ細胞からの抗原の交叉プレゼンテーションに不可欠です.
- この経路は,死細胞関連抗原に対する適応免疫反応の開始の鍵です.
関連する概念動画
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Necrosis
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
