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関連する概念動画

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

イオンペアリングは,カチオンのオレフィン・ゴールド (Olefin-gold) コンプレックス (I) のイオンペアリングである.

Daniele Zuccaccia1, Leonardo Belpassi, Francesco Tarantelli

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 18, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

カウンテリオン (Counterion) とは

科学分野:

  • 有機金属化学 有機金属化学
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学

背景:

  • アニオン-カタン相互作用は,有機金属複合体において極めて重要です.
  • これらの相互作用を理解することは,触媒の設計と反応性に影響を与えます.

研究 の 目的:

  • 金・ステレン複合体における相対アニオンカチオン指向を調査する.
  • 補助リガンドがカウンテリオン位置づけにどのように影響するかを決定する.

主な方法:

  • 利用したフッ素-19,プロトン-1核オーバーハウザー効果スペクトル (19F,1H-HOESY NMR).
  • 密度関数理論 (DFT) の計算は,溶媒と相対論的効果を伴う.

主要な成果:

  • [(PPh(3)) Au(4-Me-styrene) ]BF(4) では,BF(4)(-) アニオンは,フェニル群の反対側にあるオレフィン領域の近くにあります.
  • [(NHC) Au ((4-Me-styrene) ]BF ((4) で,BF ((4) ((-) アニオンはN-ヘテロサイクリックカルベン (NHC) リガンドの近くにあります.
  • カウンテリアンは,両方の複合体における金の中心から遠く離れている.

結論:

  • カウンテリオンの位置は,補助リガンド選択で調整できます.

さらに関連する動画

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry
14:18

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Published on: October 4, 2011

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
12:27

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

Published on: September 8, 2013

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry
14:18

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Published on: October 4, 2011

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
12:27

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

Published on: September 8, 2013

  • この調節性により,触媒の特性および活性に対するより大きな制御が可能になります.