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関連する概念動画

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

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Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
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ESCRT-III複合体による膜分裂

Thomas Wollert1, Christian Wunder, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Nature
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

輸送 (ESCRT) -IIIタンパク質Vps20,Snf7,Vps24に必要なエンドソーム分類複合体は,膀を分離することができる. Vps4 ATPaseの活動は,ESCRT-IIIのリサイクルと複数の芽生えサイクルに不可欠です.

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • 輸送 (ESCRT) 機械に必要な内分体分類複合体は,多胞体形成,ウイルス芽生え,細胞運動などの細胞プロセスにとって不可欠です.
  • ESCRT-IIIは,コアコンポーネントであり,膜改造イベントを駆動するためにフィラメントに組み合わされるタンパク質で構成されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • ESCRT-III.IIIによって媒介された内膀の芽生えと分裂を再構成し,視覚化します.
  • 膀の脱離とリサイクルにおけるESCRT-III機能の最低限のタンパク質要件を決定する.

主な方法:

  • ESCRT-IIIに依存する内膀の芽生えと分裂の再構成,巨大なユニラメラー膀を用いて.
  • 光顕微鏡を用いたプロセスの可視化.

主要な成果:

  • 3つのESCRT-IIIサブユニット (Vps20,Snf7,Vps24) は,内膀脱離に十分でした.
  • Vps2とVps4のATPアゼ活動は,ESCRT-IIIのリサイクルと複数の回転の膀芽生えに不可欠でした.
  • 最小機能のESCRT-IIIとVps4複合体は,古くから保存されているタンパク質の集合体を表しています.

結論:

  • この研究では,膀分裂に必要なESCRT-IIIの最小限の構成要素を特定しています.
  • Vps4媒介のATPアゼ活動は,ESCRT-IIIのダイナミックサイクリングに不可欠であり,持続的な膜改造を可能にします.
  • これらの発見は,ESCRTシステムの進化的保存に光を当てています.