アルキリデンバルビチューラートの非対称サイクリングによる (-) -PNU-286607の合成
J Craig Ruble1, Alexander R Hurd, Timothy A Johnson
1Infectious Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacia Corporation, 301 Henrietta Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 6, 2009
まとめ
PNU-286607は,細菌のDNAギラゼを標的とした新しい抗菌剤です. この化合物は,MRSAのような耐性菌株に対する活性を示し,新しい治療法を提供する.
科学分野:
- 薬用化学 薬用化学について
- オーガニック・シンセシス オーガニック・シンセシス
- 抗菌薬の研究について
背景:
- 新種の抗菌剤は,増えている抗菌剤耐性との闘いにおいて極めて重要です.
- バクテリアDNAギラゼは,抗菌薬の検証され,臨床的に有意な標的である.
- PNU-286607は,スパイロサイクルバルビチューリック酸誘導体の新しいクラスを表しています.
研究 の 目的:
- PNU-286607を新しい抗菌剤として導入する.
- DNAギラゼ阻害による作用メカニズムを調査する.
- PNU-286607の合成経路を開発し,非対称な変種を含む.
主な方法:
- テート-アミノ効果を用いたスピロサイクルバルビチューリック酸コアの合成.
- ラセミ合成の立体化学分析.
- 非対称な合成経路の開発.
主要な成果:
- PNU-286607は強力な抗菌作用を示しています.
- 既存の抗生物質とのクロスレジスタンスが低い.
- メチシリン耐性黄色のスタフィロコーカス (MRSA) とフッ素ヒノロン耐性菌株に対する活性が確認されました.
- 実践的な非対称合成が成功裏に開発されました.
結論:
- PNU-286607は,ユニークなメカニズムを持つ有望な新しい抗菌剤です.
- 耐性菌株に対するその活性が,その治療的可能性を強調している.
- 開発された合成方法は,さらなる研究と開発を可能にします.
関連する概念動画
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation
Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...


