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知的発見の促進:特許と市場の対比
Debrah Meloso1, Jernej Copic, Peter Bossaerts
1Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy. debrah.meloso@unibocconi.it
まとめ
この研究は,個人が潜在的なイノベーションのシェアを交換する知的発見のための新しい"市場システム"を導入します. 実験により,このシステムは発明の促進において伝統的な特許制度を上回っていることが示されています.
科学分野:
- 知的財産権とイノベーション 経済学
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
- コンピューティング社会科学
背景:
- 特許は,伝統的に,独占的財産権を付与することによって,知的発見の主要な推進力として見られています.
- 既存の知的財産の枠組みは,複雑な発見プロセスにおけるイノベーションのインセンティブを完全に最適化できない可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 知的発見のための代替補償制度を提案し,評価する.
- 伝統的な特許制度に対する新しい"市場制度"の有効性を比較する.
主な方法:
- この研究では,参加者が潜在的な発見の構成要素の株式を保有し,取引する"市場システム"を使用しました.
- 発見における複雑な意思決定を表すバックパック問題は,実験モデルとして使用されました.
- 業績は,市場システムと特許システムからの結果を比較することによって測定されました.
主要な成果:
- 提案された"市場システム"は,従来の特許システムと比較して優れたパフォーマンスを示した.
- 株価の変動に起因する間接的なインセンティブは,実験環境で効果的であることが示されました.
- リュックサック問題実験は,システムの効率性の量化可能な尺度を提供した.
結論:
- 分散市場システムは,特許よりも知的発見を促進するより効果的なメカニズムである可能性があります.
- 知的財産権の見直しは,より効率的なイノベーションエコシステムにつながる可能性があります.
- 将来の研究は,そのような市場ベースのシステムのスケーラビリティと現実世界の実装を調査することができます.
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