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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane01:11

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

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Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
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Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing MTT
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TANGO1は,エンドプラズマ網膜の出口部位で貨物の積み荷を容易にする.

Kota Saito1, Mei Chen, Fred Bard

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, CRG-Centre de Regulacio Genomica, Barcelona, Spain.

Cell
|March 10, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

トランスポートとゴルギ組織 (TANGO1) のタンパク質は,コラーゲンVIIのような大きなタンパク質をエンドプラズマ網膜から輸出するために不可欠です. TANGO1は,プロテインの輸出のための新しいメカニズムである,輸送船に入らずに輸送船に貨物を誘導します.

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • タンパク質の輸送

背景:

  • エンドプラズマの網膜 (ER) は,タンパク質の合成と折り畳みに中心的です.
  • ERからの効率的なタンパク質輸出には,特殊な輸送機械が必要です.
  • 輸送とゴルジ組織 (TANGO) を規制する構成要素は,以前は特定されていなかった.

研究 の 目的:

  • ERの輸出とゴルギの組織に関与する新しいコンポーネントを特定し,特徴づけること.
  • TANGO1がコラーゲンVIIなどの大容量の貨物の輸出を容易にするメカニズムを解明する.
  • 異なる細胞タイプにおけるTANGO1の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • TANGOの成分を特定するための全ゲノムスクリーニング.
  • タンパク質の局所化と結合相互作用を決定するための生化学的分析.
  • タンパク質輸出に対する機能的影響を評価するための遺伝子ノックダウン実験.
  • タンパク質の局所化を視覚化するための免疫光顕微鏡.

主要な成果:

  • TANGO1は統合膜タンパク質で,ERの出口部位に局所する.
  • TANGO1は,光のSH3ドメイン結合コラーゲンVIIと,細胞質プロリン豊富なドメイン (PRD) 結合COPIIコートサブユニット (Sec23/24) を有している.
  • TANGO1のノックダウンはコラーゲンVIIの輸出を阻害し,TANGO1は貨物をCOPIIキャリアに誘導し,キャリア自体に入らない.
  • TANGO1は,血液細胞を除くほとんどの細胞タイプで発現します.

結論:

  • TANGO1は,特定の貨物,特にコラーゲンVIIのER輸出において重要な役割を果たしています.
  • TANGO1は,貨物とCOPIIの機械の両方と相互作用することによって,COPIIのキャリアに貨物の積み上げを容易にするためのユニークなメカニズムを使用しています.
  • この調査結果から,TANGO1は,さまざまなセルタイプを介して,同様の方法で他の貨物を輸出する可能性があることが示唆されています.