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Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
Published on: February 6, 2019
エポキシエノールシルランを機能化されたオキシアリルカチオン前駆体として使用した分子間および分子内 [4 + 3] サイクル添加物
Wing Ki Chung1, Sze Kui Lam, Brian Lo
1Department of Chemistry and the Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 14, 2009
まとめ
この研究では, [4+3]サイクロアディションにおけるオキシアリルカチオンの前駆体としてのエポキシエノールシランを導入しています. これらの反応は,エナチオメリックに純粋な起始材料からさえも,高ステレオ選択性を持つ複雑な水酸化サイクロードダクトを効率的に生成します.
科学分野:
- 有機化学 オーガニック・ケミストリー
- 合成方法論 合成方法論
- カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス
背景:
- オキシアリルカチオンは,有機合成における多用途の中間物質である.
- [4+3]サイクロアディションの効率的な方法の開発は,依然として活発な研究分野です.
- 複雑な周期性分子の立体選択合成は,薬剤発見と材料科学において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- エポキシエノールトリエチルシラネスを用いてオキシアリルカチオンへの新しい合成経路を開発する.
- これらの前体を使用した [4+3] サイクル添加反応の範囲と効率を調査する.
- 水酸化サイクロードダクトの合成において高いステレオ選択性を達成するために.
主な方法:
- エポキシエノールトライエチルシランは合成され,オキシアリルカチオン前駆体として利用された.
- [4+3] サイクロアディション反応は,シリルトリフラートまたは酸触媒で様々なダイーンで実施された.
- 分子内サイクロアディションと,エナチオメリックに純粋な前駆体との反応が調査されました.
主要な成果:
- [4+3]サイクロアディションは,良質から優れた収穫量まで進んだ.
- 内分子反応は穏やかな条件下で発生し,高ダイアステロ選択性を持つ水酸化サイクロードダクトを生成しました.
- エナティオメリカルに純粋なエポキシエノールシランは,複数のステレオセンターを持つ光学的に純粋なサイクルロードダクトを提供しました.
結論:
- エポキシエノールトリエチルシランは, [4+3]サイクロアディションにおけるオキシアリルカチオンの有効な前駆体である.
- 開発された方法論は,ステレオ化学的に豊富なサイクル化合物への簡単な経路を提供します.
- このアプローチは,高いエナティオメール純度を持つ複雑な分子を合成する可能性を秘めています.
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Preparation of Epoxides
Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides
Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...

