エキゾチックなペプチドで充電されたイニシアターtRNAで翻訳を開始します
1Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 24, 2009
まとめ
研究者は,ホルミルメチオニンの代わりにペプチドを使用してタンパク質合成を開始する新しい方法を開発しました. この技術は,異常なN端アミノ酸配列を持つペプチドの作成を可能にし,合成生物学ツールを拡張します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 合成生物学 合成生物学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- プロカリオトの翻訳は,通常,形式メチオニル-tRNA (fMet-tRNA) で始まり,N-末端型化ペプチドを生成する.
- この保存されたメカニズムは,アクセシブルなペプチド構造の多様性を制限する.
研究 の 目的:
- 珍しいアミノ酸を含むペプチジル-tRNAsで翻訳を開始するための新しい方法を開発する.
- 非正規のN端末配列を持つペプチドの合成を可能にする.
主な方法:
- リボ酵素であるフレキシジムは,D-アミノ酸,β-アミノ酸,N-メチルアミノ酸とイニシアターペプチジル-tRNAを合成するために利用されました.
- メチオニンを除去して再構成されたE. coliの細胞フリートランスレーションシステムを再プログラムし,イニシアターtRNAを再割り当てました.
主要な成果:
- エキゾチックペプチドを運ぶペプチジル-tRNAを用いたリボソームペプチド合成を成功裏に開始しました.
- 異常なN端の構成要素を持つペプチドの発現を実証した.
結論:
- この研究は,ペプチドを用いたリボソームペプチド合成の最初の成功開始を示しています.
- 開発された方法論は,多様な異常なペプチドを合成し,翻訳機構を研究するための汎用的なツールを提供します.
関連する概念動画
02:33Initiation of Translation
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
02:33Initiation of Translation
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
02:26tRNA Activation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
02:26tRNA Activation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life