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Disorders of Erythrocytes
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大洋のニッケル枯渇とメタノゲンの飢饉は,大酸化イベントの前に起きました
Kurt O Konhauser1, Ernesto Pecoits, Stefan V Lalonde
1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada. kurtk@ualberta.ca
Nature
|April 11, 2009
まとめ
マントルの冷却に関連した古代の海洋におけるニッケル利用量の減少は,おそらく大酸化イベントの前にメタンの生産を減少させた. これは,初期の地球を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは
- 初期の地球科学 初期の地球科学
背景:
- 約24億年前の大酸化現象 (GOE) は,大気中の酸素濃度の上昇と関連しています.
- GOEに先立ち,メタンの崩壊に関する以前の仮説は,地質学的証拠と一致するのに苦労しています.
- 帯状鉄構造 (BIF) は,プレカンブリア期の海洋化学と初期の生命についての洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- GOEに先立つメタンの減少の原因を調査する.
- 初期の地球の生地化学サイクルにおけるニッケル利用の役割を探求する.
- マントルの進化を大気中の酸化還元変化と結びつける.
主な方法:
- プレカンブリア紀前帯状鉄の形成におけるニッケルと鉄の比率の分析.
- シミュレートされた海水と鉄酸化水素の間のニッケル分割係数の測定.
- 古代の海における溶けたニッケル濃度のモデリング.
主要な成果:
- 約27億年前,BIFのニッケルと鉄の比率が著しく低下した.
- 上層マントルの温度が下がり,超大質量火山活動が減少したため,海洋へのニッケル流量が減少した.
- 溶けたニッケル濃度は,アルカイア紀の400nMから2.5Gyr前まで200nM未満に低下した.
結論:
- ニッケル供給の減少はメタノゲン活性を抑制し,生体メタンの生産を減少させた可能性がある.
- メタンの減少は,環境中の酸素の増加に先行し,独立していたかもしれない.
- この研究は,メタノゲン酵素の要求を介して,マントルのプロセスと大気中の酸化還元変異を関連付けています.
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