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Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
Microbial Mats01:25

Microbial Mats

Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
Marine Microbial Ecology01:30

Marine Microbial Ecology

Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
Microbial Leaching01:27

Microbial Leaching

Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
Freshwater Microbial Ecology01:24

Freshwater Microbial Ecology

Freshwater systems such as streams, rivers, and lakes exhibit distinct physical and biological characteristics that influence their microbial communities. These environments are broadly categorized into lotic systems—those with flowing waters like streams and most rivers—and lentic systems, which include still or slow-moving waters such as lakes, ponds, and marshes.In lentic systems, phytoplankton drive primary production, generating autochthonous organic carbon. In contrast, lotic systems...

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Published on: July 24, 2016

現代の微生物によって維持されている氷河下鉄質の"海"です.

Jill A Mikucki1, Ann Pearson, David T Johnston

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. jill.a.mikucki@dartmouth.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

南極の亜氷河塩水中の微生物は,炭素が限られているため,酸素ではなく鉄を用いて硫黄を循環させます. この古代の生態系は,初期の地球についての洞察を提供します.

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Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission (L.I.F.E.) as Novel Non-Invasive Tool for In-Situ Measurements of Biomarkers in Cryospheric Habitats
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Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
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Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential

Published on: April 20, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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09:45

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Published on: July 24, 2016

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission (L.I.F.E.) as Novel Non-Invasive Tool for In-Situ Measurements of Biomarkers in Cryospheric Habitats
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Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
14:38

Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential

Published on: April 20, 2012

科学分野:

  • ゲオミクロバイオロジー
  • バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
  • 南極研究南極研究

背景:

  • 古代の海水塩は,東南極氷床のテイラー氷河の下に存在しています.
  • この塩水は硫酸塩が豊富で,表面処理から分離されています.
  • 氷河下の微生物生態系を理解することは,天体生物学と地球の歴史にとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 亜氷河塩水における微生物の硫黄循環を調査する.
  • 終端電子受容体としての鉄の役割を決定する.
  • 古代の,有機的に飢えた海洋環境への影響を調査します.

主な方法:

  • 同位体測定 (硫酸塩,水,炭酸塩,鉄).
  • 機能的遺伝子解析 (アデノシン5'-ホスホスルフェート還元酵素).
  • 亜氷河塩水地質化学の分析.

主要な成果:

  • 活性微生物の集合は,触媒的な硫黄循環を促進する.
  • 鉄 (III) は,端末電子受容体として機能する.
  • 光合成の欠如による限られた有機炭素は,無酸素,非硫化塩水を生成します.
  • サブ氷河微生物は孤立して成長する.

結論:

  • 結合した生地化学プロセスは,極端な孤立した環境でも微生物の生命を維持します.
  • 亜氷河系は,ネオプロテロゾーイク時代の海洋の条件を反映しています.
  • Fe (Fe) の蓄積は,有機に乏しい環境では,活発な硫黄循環にもかかわらず起こることがあります.