直感と熟考:脳で戦略を立てるための2つのシステム
Wen-Jui Kuo1, Tomas Sjöström, Yu-Ping Chen
1Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
まとめ
この研究では,意思決定ゲーム中の脳の活動を調査しました. 推理に基づいたゲームは,プレクニュアスのような領域を活性化させ,直感的なゲームは,インスラを活性化させ,異なる認知プロセスのための明確な神経経路を強調しました.
科学分野:
- 認知神経科学とは
- 意思決定のための研究
- ゲーム理論はゲーム理論である.
背景:
- 二重プロセス理論では,意思決定は直感 (素早い,感情的) と推論 (遅い,制御された) に依存することを提案しています.
- 異なるゲームタイプは,これらの異なる認知プロセスを引き起こす可能性があります.
- これらのプロセスの神経関連性を理解することは,認知科学にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 直感的な意思決定と推論に基づく意思決定の間の神経の違いを調査する.
- 支配で解決可能なゲーム (推論) と純粋な協調ゲーム (直感) の脳活性化パターンを比較する.
主な方法:
- 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) を用いて脳の活動を測定した.
- 参加者は,支配を解決できるゲームや純粋な協調ゲームに従事した.
- 分析は,特定の脳領域の異なる活性化に焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- 支配力で解決可能なゲームは,協調ゲームと比較して,前頭回の中央部,下頭側頭葉,前頭骨の活性化が大きいことを示した.
- インスラと前帯状皮質は,支配力で解決可能なゲームと比較して,調整ゲーム中に増加した活性を示した.
- プレクニウスの活動は,優位性で解決可能なゲームにおける知覚の努力と正に相関し,インスラの活動は,協調ゲームにおける知覚の努力と相関した.
結論:
- 明確なニューラルネットワークは,推論に基づいた直感的な意思決定をサポートします.
- プレキュネウス (precuneus) は,努力し,慎重に推論することを意味し,インスラ (insula) は,直感的で,努力を要しない処理を意味する.
- これらの発見は,認知の二重プロセス理論のための神経生物学的な証拠を提供します.
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