昆虫とヒトデング熱ウイルスの宿主因子の発見
October M Sessions1, Nicholas J Barrows, Jayme A Souza-Neto
1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Nature
|April 28, 2009
まとめ
研究者は,全ゲノムRNA干渉スクリーンを用いて,デング熱ウイルス (DENV) 伝播に不可欠な116の昆虫宿主因子を特定しました. 42のヒト同類を含むこれらの要因の多くは,DENV感染に新たに関与しており,新しい制御戦略を提供しています.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- エントモロジー エントモロジー学
背景:
- デング熱は,重要なアーボウイルス疾患であり,高い流行率と特定の治療法がないため,世界的な健康脅威となっています.
- 宿主因子を特定することは,デング熱ウイルス (DENV) の複製を理解し,制御するために非常に重要です.
- DENVの限られたヒトおよび昆虫宿主因子は以前から特定されていました.
研究 の 目的:
- DENV-2の伝播に不可欠な新しい昆虫宿主因子を特定する.
- 昆虫と人間の宿主間のこれらの宿主因子の保存を調査する.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスター細胞における全ゲノムRNA干渉 (RNAi) スクリーンでは,2万2632個の二重鎖RNAのライブラリを使用しています.
- 候補デング熱ウイルス宿主因子 (DVHFs) の特定.
- 人体細胞における標的型短干渉RNA (siRNA) スクリーンで,保存されたDVHFを検証する.
主要な成果:
- スクリーンでは,ドロソフィラの116の候補DVHFが特定され,そのほとんどは以前にDENVの伝播と関連していなかった.
- これらの二重体のDVHFの82は,認識可能なヒトの同類を持つ.
- 42のヒトの同類体がヒトのDVHFであると確認され,重要な保存を示しました.
結論:
- この研究は,DENVの伝播に必要な,これまで未知の昆虫および人間の宿主因子の相当数の存在を明らかにしています.
- 特定された保存された宿主因子は,昆虫ベクトルと哺乳類宿主の両方でDENVを制御するための潜在的なターゲットを提供します.
- 発見は,デング熱に対する新しい戦略の道を開く.
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