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自閉症の全ゲノムにわたるコピー番号の変異は,ユビキチンとニューロンの遺伝子を明らかにする
Joseph T Glessner1, Kai Wang, Guiqing Cai
1Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Nature
|May 1, 2009
まとめ
この研究では,神経細胞結合とユビキチン経路に関連する遺伝子の複製数変異 (CNV) を特定し,自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) の遺伝的感受性におけるそれらの役割を示唆しました. これらの発見は,ASDの理解をさらに深める.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 神経発達障害 神経発達障害とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) は,既知の遺伝的基盤を持つ複雑な神経発達状態です.
- 以前の研究で,ASDリスクに関連したコピー数変数 (CNVs) が特定されました.
- 新しい感受性のロシオを特定するために,包括的な全ゲノムCNV分析が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) と関連した新しいコピーナンバー変異 (CNV) を特定する.
- ASDの感受性における特定の遺伝子ネットワークの役割を調査する.
- 独立したコホートでの発見を検証する.
主な方法:
- シングルヌクレオチドポリモルフィズム (SNP) 配列を用いた全ゲノムCNV分析.
- 859人のASD症例と1,409人の対照群のゲノタイプ化,第2コホートでの検証 (1,336例,1,110人の対照群).
- 制御群と比較してASD症例において,著しく濃縮されたCNVを特定するための統計分析.
主要な成果:
- 以前に知られているASD関連遺伝子 (NRXN1,CNTN4など) での特定されたCNV.
- ニューロン細胞結合 (NLGN1,ASTN2) とユビキチン経路 (UBE3A,PARK2,RFWD2,FBXO40) に関する新しい遺伝子におけるCNVの濃縮が発見されました.
- 補完的なDNAをコードする遺伝子であるAK123120のアップストリームで重要な重複が発見されました.
結論:
- 神経細胞粘着とユビキチン分解経路を標的とするCNVは,ASDの遺伝的感受性に寄与する.
- これらの発見は,中枢神経系の発達とASDにおけるこれらの遺伝子ネットワークの重要性を強調しています.
- 特定されたCNVは,個別に稀であるが,ASDの複雑な遺伝的構造についての洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Genome Copying Errors
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

