医療のアパルトヘイト. アメリカ人の視点
D D Brooks1, D R Smith, R J Anderson
1Community-Oriented Primary Care Program, Dallas, TX 75235.
JAMA
|November 20, 1991
まとめ
アパルトヘイトのような政策は,南アフリカで予防可能な死と,米国で人種的格差を引き起こす. コミュニティ・オリエンテッド・プライマリー・ケア (Community-Oriented Primary Care) は,両国における保健の公平性を改善するための有望な戦略です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康の平等,健康の平等について
- 健康の社会経済的決定要因
背景:
- 南アフリカにおけるアパルトヘイト政策は,黒人アフリカ人の間で,予防可能な罹病率と死亡率を大幅に高めた.
- 米国では"機能的なアパルトヘイト"と呼ばれる社会経済的な隔離は,有色人種市民の間で過剰な死亡と障害をもたらします.
- 現在の米国の医療制度は,満たされていない健康ニーズとマイノリティー集団の既存の障壁に対処できていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 南アフリカにおけるアパルトヘイトの健康への影響と,米国における人種間の健康格差の間の類似性を強調する.
- 両国の健康状態を改善するための共通の戦略を特定する.
- 潜在的な解決策として,コミュニティ指向のプライマリケア (COPC) を導入する.
主な方法:
- 南アフリカと米国における健康状態と医療制度の欠陥の比較分析.
- 健康格差に寄与する社会経済的要因のレビュー.
- コミュニティ・オリエンテッド・プライマリーケア (COPC) モデルの検討.
主要な成果:
- 予防可能な罹病率と死亡率は,両国における抑圧的政策と社会経済的隔離に関連しています.
- 米国保健医療制度は,少数民族のニーズに対応する際の断片化と不十分性を示しています.
- 黒人南アフリカ人にとって必要な健康改善戦略は,米国で必要とされるものと同等である.
結論:
- 健康格差に対処するには,アパルトヘイトや"機能的アパルトヘイト"に似た体系的な問題に取り組む必要があります.
- コミュニティ指向のプライマリーケア (COPC) は,医療の欠陥を軽減するための実行可能なコミュニティベースのモデルです.
- COPCの実施は,南アフリカと米国の両方で健康の公平性を促進することができます.
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