長期の神経の可塑性におけるシナプスおよび刺激特有の局所翻訳
Dan Ohtan Wang1, Sang Mok Kim, Yali Zhao
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), BSRB 390B, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA.
まとめ
シナプスのローカル・トランスレーションは,長期記憶とシナプスの可塑性にとって極めて重要です. この研究は,Aplysia.の長期的促進の間に,制御された局所翻訳が刺激されたシナプスで特異的に発生することを示しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 長期記憶とシナプス可塑性は,遺伝子発現の変化に依存しています.
- これらの変化は個々のシナプスに特異的であり,局所的な分子機構を示唆する可能性があります.
- シナプスにおけるメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の局所化と翻訳は,このシナプス特異性の鍵です.
研究 の 目的:
- 長期の可塑性中のシナプスにおける局所翻訳を直接視覚化および特徴づけること.
- シナプス特異的な翻訳の条件と要件を調査する.
- シナプスの特異性を確立する局所翻訳の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 活細胞顕微鏡を用いて,フォトコンバーチブル光タンパク質のトランスレーションレポーターを用いた.
- アプリシアの感覚運動シナプスを研究した.
- 長期の緩和と長期のうつ病の間,リポーターの翻訳を監視した.
主要な成果:
- ローカル・トランスレーションは,長期のファシリテーション中にシナプスで直接可視化されました.
- レポーター翻訳には複数のセロトニン投与が必要であり,刺激されたシナプスに限定されていました.
- トランスレーションは,トランスクリプトと刺激特異的であり,ファシリテーションの間には起こるが,うつ状態では起こらない.
- ローカルトランスレーションには,化学シナプスとポストシナプスカルシウムシグナル伝達が必要でした.
結論:
- 高度に調節された局所翻訳は,長期の可塑性中にシナプスで起こります.
- このプロセスはシナプス固有であり,トランスシナプス信号に依存しています.
- ローカル・トランスレーションは,長期記憶形成におけるシナプス特異性を確立するための重要なメカニズムである.
関連する概念動画
Long-term Potentiation
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Chemical Synapses
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...


