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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Introduction To Enzymes01:22

Introduction To Enzymes

The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

ポリケチド多様化における変異酵素組成

Liangcai Gu1, Bo Wang, Amol Kulkarni

  • 1Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Nature
|June 5, 2009
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

Lyngbya majusculaの酵素は,サイクロプロパンやビニル塩化物のようなユニークな化学構造を作り出すために,並列の経路を進化させた. この研究は,酵素の改変が自然産物の多様性をどのように促進するかを明らかにしています.

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CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion
07:37

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion

Published on: June 25, 2017

科学分野:

  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 自然製品バイオシンセシス 自然製品バイオシンセシス
  • 酵素学 酵素学とは
  • 化学生物学 化学生物学とは

背景:

  • 自然製品の多様性は,二次代謝における生物合成経路の進化から生じる.
  • 代謝多様化を誘発する酵素の共同進化は,生化学的レベルではまだ十分に理解されていない.
  • Lyngbya majusculaは,複雑な酵素的プロセスを通して複雑な二次代謝産物を産生する.

研究 の 目的:

  • Lyngbya majuscula.でサイクロプロパンとビニル塩化物の形成のメカニズムを生化学的に調査する.
  • ポリケチドβ分岐とハロゲン化に関与する酵素の共同進化を理解する.
  • 二次代謝産物における機能群の多様性につながる並列の進化的出来事を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • ハロゲナーゼ,脱水酵素酶 (ECH(1) s),デカルボキシラーゼ (ECH(2) s,エノイル還元酵素ドメインを含む主要な酵素の生化学的評価.
  • Lyngbya majuscula.から並行した生物合成経路 (キュラシンAとジャマイカミド経路) の分析.
  • ベータ分岐サイクロプロパンおよびビニル塩化物分子の形成における酵素活動の特徴.

主要な成果:

  • ハロゲナーゼはポリケチドベータ分岐経路にガンマ塩化ステップを導入した.
  • ECH(2) 酵素の異なる活動は,α,βまたはβ,gamma enoyl thioesterの形成につながった.
  • エノイル還元酵素ドメインが前例のないサイクロプロパネーション反応を触媒化し,サイクロプロパン環を形成した.

結論:

  • 塩素化,ポリケチドベータ分岐,および酵素機構的多様化の組み合わせにより,サイクロプロパンおよびビニルクロライドの分子が生成されます.
  • マルチ酵素系における並列進化は,天然製品における機能群の多様性を促進する.
  • この研究は,代謝多様化のための酵素の共同進化に関する生化学的洞察を提供します.