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祖先の狩猟採集者の間の戦争が人間の社会的行動の進化に影響を与えたのか
1Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. samuel.bowles@gmail.com
まとめ
初期の人類の進化における集団間の暴力は,集団に有利な行動を促すのに十分重要であった. この研究は,協力と利他主義が,グループ間の競争の圧力によって進化したことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化人類学とは
- 人間の行動進化は,人間の行動進化である.
- 考古学考古学とは
背景:
- 集団間の敵意は,人間の社会的行動の進化を理解する上で中心的なものです.
- 人類の祖先が主に平和的であったのか,それとも戦争好きであったのかについては,議論が続いている.
研究 の 目的:
- 集団間の暴力レベルが人間の社会的行動の進化に影響を与えたかどうかを正確に評価する.
- 集団の協力が紛争において選択的優位性を提供したかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- グループ間の競争による進化的影響のモデルを利用した.
- プレイストセーン後期/ホロセーン初期における死亡原因に関する統合考古学的データ.
- エスノグラフィックと歴史的な狩猟採集者の報告と組み合わせたものです.
主要な成果:
- 集団間の紛争による推定死亡率はかなり高かった.
- このレベルの対立は,進化の軌道を大きく左右する可能性がある.
- 集団に利益をもたらすが,個人にコストのかかる行動の拡散を促した.
結論:
- 集団間の対立は,人間の社会的進化を形作る上で重要な役割を果たした.
- 協力的,利他的な行動は,選択圧力によって好まれる可能性が高い.
- この発見は,祖先のヒトにおけるグループに有益な特徴の適応的意義を支持する.
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