ヒストンH4ライシン16アセチル化は,細胞の寿命を調節する
Weiwei Dang1, Kristan K Steffen, Rocco Perry
1Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Nature
|June 12, 2009
まとめ
酵母細胞は,老化とともにSir2タンパク質の減少を示し,表遺伝的変化と転写サイレンシングの喪失につながります. このシルトゥイン経路は,老化を調節し,テロメア染色体を維持するために保存されることがあります.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクスと分子生物学
- 細胞老化と長寿の研究
背景:
- DNAメチル化やヒストンの改変のようなエピジェネティックの変化は,細胞の発達を駆動する.
- Sirtuinsは長寿に関連したNAD (((+) 依存酵素ですが,その老化メカニズムは不明です.
- 酵母Sir2はヒストンH4ライシン16を脱酸化し,クロマチンの静音化を維持する.
研究 の 目的:
- リプリケティブ・エイジングにおけるシルトゥイン,特に酵母Sir2の役割を調査する.
- 酵母における年齢に関連した表遺伝的変化の基礎となる分子メカニズムを解明する.
- Sir2とヒストンの改変が寿命調節に与える寄与を決定する.
主な方法:
- 若い酵母細胞と複製的に古い酵母細胞におけるSir2タンパク質の豊富さの分析.
- ヒストンH4ライシン16のアセチル化レベルと,亜テロメア領域におけるヒストン占有率の評価.
- 寿命調節におけるSir2とSas2 (ヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ) の相互作用を調査する.
主要な成果:
- 複製的に古い酵母細胞は,Sir2タンパク質のレベルが低下しています.
- H4ライシン16アセチル化とヒストンの損失の増加は,老化細胞のサブテロメア領域で発生します.
- 旧酵母では,サブテロメア位置でのトランスクリプションサイレンシングが損なわれることが観察されています.
- Sir2とSas2の敵対的な活動は,H4ライシン16を介して,サブテロメア領域で寿命を調節する.
結論:
- Sir2タンパク質の年齢に関連した減少は,エピジェネティックの調節不全と酵母菌の静音障害を引き起こす.
- 複製的老化のためのこのシルトゥイン媒介経路は,他の既知のモデルとは異なる.
- Sirtuinsは,テロメア染色体維持を通して,老化調節における進化的に保存された役割を果たしている可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
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Histone Variants at the Centromere
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...


