グローバル・ヘルスへの資金調達: 1990年から2007年にかけての健康に関する開発援助の追跡
Nirmala Ravishankar1, Paul Gubbins, Rebecca J Cooley
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 23, 2009
まとめ
世界保健援助は1990年から2007年の間に56億ドルから218億ドルに急増した. グローバル・ファンドやGAVIのような新しいイニシアチブは,この重要な開発援助のより大きな部分を,健康に注ぎ込んでいます.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
- 国際開発国際開発
背景:
- 低,中所得国への世界的な保健資源の流れに関する信頼できるデータは極めて重要です.
- 健康のための開発援助 (DAH) は,世界保健資金の重要な構成要素です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1990年から2007年にかけての保健開発援助 (DAH) の規模と構成を包括的に評価する.
- DAHのチャネリングの変化と,受領国特徴との相関を分析する.
主な方法:
- 開発援助機関からの健康関連の流れとしてDAHを定義します.
- 複数のデータソースを利用して,2007年の米国ドルにおける年間DAHの量を定量化しました.
- 受給国別DAHの構成を調べるための統合プロジェクトデータベースを作成しました.
主要な成果:
- DAHは1990年の56億ドルから2007年の288億ドルに大幅に増加しました.
- エイズ,結核,マラリアと闘う世界基金,GAVI,NGOは DAHの主要な経路となり,従来の国連機関や開発銀行を上回った.
- HIV/AIDSはDAHの最大のシェア (2007年には49億米ドル) を受けており,次に保健部門の支援,マラリア,結核が続いています.
- DAHは,病気の負担と正の相関があり,受給国における人均GDPと負の相関があった.
結論:
- 世界保健資源は大幅に増加し,2002年以来,著しく増加しています.
- グローバル・ファンドやGAVIのようなグローバル・ヘルス・イニシアティブは,医療資金の動員と運営において中心的な役割を果たしています.
- HIV/AIDSへの資金調達が増加した一方で,世界の他の保健分野でも拡大が見られ,医療支援の拡大を示唆しています.
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