大人のサテライト細胞と胚の筋肉の祖先は,異なる遺伝的要件を持っています
Christoph Lepper1, Simon J Conway, Chen-Ming Fan
1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. lepper@ciwemb.edu
Nature
|June 26, 2009
まとめ
Pax7は,発達の過程で筋肉幹細胞に不可欠ですが,成人マウスの場合はそうではありません. この研究は,筋肉再生と幹細胞治療のための年齢依存の遺伝的要件を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 筋肉幹細胞生物学について
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 再生医学は再生医学である.
背景:
- Pax3とPax7は,筋肉の祖先の発達に不可欠である.
- 実験室内での研究は,Pax7が成人衛星細胞にとって不可欠であることを示唆しているが,体内での証拠は不足していた.
研究 の 目的:
- 大人の筋肉幹細胞におけるPax7のインビヴォの役割を調査する.
- 筋肉再生のためのPax7の年齢依存的要件を決定する.
主な方法:
- 誘導可能なCre/loxP系統追跡とマウスの条件付き遺伝子不活性化.
- チビアリス前頭筋再生モデル.
- 衛星細胞の増殖,移動,再生能力の分析.
主要な成果:
- 成人マウスのPax7の不活性化は,筋肉再生やサテライト細胞機能を損なわなかった.
- 大人におけるPax3とPax7の二重不活性化も正常な再生を示した.
- Pax7依存性は,原始細胞の静止前の若年期に限られている.
結論:
- Pax7は,以前の仮定に反して,成人の筋肉幹細胞の機能には必要ありません.
- 新生児と成人の祖先の間で,Pax7の必要性において,細胞内在で年齢に依存する差異がある.
- 発見は,幹細胞移植治療に影響を及ぼし,胚のデータを成人幹細胞生物学に推論しないように注意してください.
関連する概念動画
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Cellular Differentiation
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
A zygote is a...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.


