アルコールの害を減らすための政策やプログラムの効果と費用対効果
Peter Anderson1, Dan Chisholm, Daniela C Fuhr
1School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. peteranderson.mail@gmail.com
Lancet (London, England)
|June 30, 2009
まとめ
効果的なアルコールの害を減らす戦略は,アルコールの価格と利用可能性を規制することに焦点を当てています. 増税や広告禁止などの政策は,非常に費用対効果が高く,学校教育は影響が限られている.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康政策 保健政策 保健政策
- 薬物乱用研究 薬物乱用研究
背景:
- アルコールの消費は,世界的に公衆衛生に重大な課題をもたらしています.
- 既存の介入の効果と費用対効果は様々です.
- 政策を導くために,証拠の包括的なレビューが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- アルコールの害を軽減する政策の効果と費用対効果に関する証拠をレビューする.
- 様々な領域でアルコールの害を減らすための重要な戦略を特定する.
- アルコール規制措置に関する政策決定を導くために.
主な方法:
- システマティック・レビューとメタ分析が採用されました.
- 教育,医療,地域活動,飲酒運転,可用性,マーケティング,価格設定,害の軽減,違法なアルコールを含むさまざまな介入領域で,証拠を合成しました.
- 費用対効果は,主な考慮事項でした.
主要な成果:
- アルコールの価格と利用量を規制する政策は,害を減らすのに効果的です.
- 飲酒運転に関する法律の施行と,リスクの高い飲酒者に対する介入は,効果を示している.
- 学校での教育は効果的ではなく,公的情報キャンペーンが議題の設定に役立っています.
- 課税されたアルコールの割合を増やすことは,記録されていない生産量が多い環境で効果的です.
結論:
- アルコールの価格と利用可能性の規制は,強制的な法律と並行して,重要な効果的な戦略です.
- アルコールの広告を禁止し,アルコールの価格を上げることは,非常に費用対効果的です.
- 政策の焦点は,より大きな影響を与えるために,環境と価格規制に転換する必要があります.
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