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テロメラーゼは,標的遺伝子のクロマチンと関連することで,Wnt信号伝達を調節する
Jae-Il Park1, Andrew S Venteicher, Ji Yeon Hong
1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|July 3, 2009
まとめ
テロメラーゼは,遺伝子転写のコファクターとして作用することによって,Wnt/β-カタニンシグナル伝達に直接影響を及ぼします. この発見はテロメラーゼを明らかにした.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学
- がん研究 がん研究
背景:
- 幹細胞の調節には,ヒトの腫瘍発生でしばしば変化する遺伝経路が含まれます.
- Wnt/β-カタニンシグナル伝達とテロメラーゼ活性化の両方が静止状態の表皮幹細胞を誘導することができます.
- テロメラーゼと幹細胞の活性化を結びつける正確なメカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- テロメラーゼが幹細胞活性化とWnt/β-カタニンシグナル伝達に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
- Wnt/β-キャテニンの転写活性を調節するテロメラーゼの直接的な役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- テロメラーゼ逆転写酵素 (TERT) と,クロマチンのリモデラーであるBRG1 (SMARCA4) の間の相互作用を調査した.
- 培養細胞および体内でのWnt依存レポーター遺伝子活性評価.
- Xenopus laevisの胚とTert ((-/-) のマウスを用いて開発の役割を調べました.
- Wnt標的遺伝子プロモーターに固有のTERT結合を検出するためにクロマチンの免疫プレシピテーションを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- テロメラーゼ逆転写酵素 (TERT) は,コファクターとして作用することで,Wnt/β-カタニンシグナル伝達を直接調節する.
- TERTは染色体リモデレータBRG1と相互作用し,Wnt依存転写を強化する.
- TERTはXenopusの前後軸形成に不可欠である;Tert欠乏はマウスの脊椎欠陥を引き起こす.
- 固有のTERTは,Wnt反応性遺伝子のプロモーターをin vivoで占有しています.
結論:
- テロメラーゼは,Wnt/β-カタニン信号伝達経路の直接的な転写変調子として機能する.
- この発見は,DNAの拡張における正規の機能を超えたテロメラーゼの新たな役割を明らかにしている.
- TERTと染色体改造複合体の相互作用は,幹細胞の調節と癌に関する新しい洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Telomeres and Telomerase
In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase
In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
