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関連する概念動画

States of Water01:23

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
Hess's Law03:40

Hess's Law

There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

フェニックス着陸地でのH2O

P H Smith1, L K Tamppari, R E Arvidson

  • 1Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. psmith@lpl.arizona.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 4, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

フェニックスミッションは,火星の浅い氷とアルカリ性土壌を発見した. これは,水が存在していたことを示しており,過去または現在の火星の居住可能性の可能性を支持しています.

さらに関連する動画

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

科学分野:

  • 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
  • 天体生物学 アストロバイオロジー
  • 火星地質学 火星地質学 火星地質学

背景:

  • フェニックスミッションは,火星の北極の地質学と天候を研究することを目的とした.
  • 過去のミッションでは,火星の水氷の存在が示唆されていたが,直接的な浅い地表調査が必要だった.

研究 の 目的:

  • 火星の北極地域における地形と天候のパターンを調査するためです.
  • 浅い地表の氷と土壌の組成と状態を決定する.

主な方法:

  • ロボットアームによる火星の土壌の掘削.
  • 鉱物や塩を含む土壌の組成の分析.
  • 表面の凍結と降雪パターンの観測.

主要な成果:

  • 浅い氷床が5〜18cmの深さで発見されました.
  • 火星の土壌はアルカリ性 (pH 7.7) で,炭酸カルシウムやその他の鉱物を含んでいた.
  • 水氷の凍結と降雪が土壌と相互作用していることが観察されました.

結論:

  • 浅い氷とアルカリ性土壌の存在は,過去の水活動を示しています.
  • これらの発見は,火星の北極に居住可能性の可能性を裏付けている.
  • 水氷と土壌の相互作用は,火星の環境プロセスを理解するために重要です.