バイリンガルな幼児の複数の言語構造の柔軟な学習
Agnes Melinda Kovács1, Jacques Mehler
1Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati-SISSA, Via Beirut 4, 34014 Trieste, Italy. agneskovacs@mtapi.hu
まとめ
双言語の乳児は,単言語の乳児と比較して,学習の柔軟性を高めることを示しています. これは,バイリンガリズムが幼い子供の認知の柔軟性を向上させることで,言語習得を加速させる可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 言語学 言語学とは
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
背景:
- 子どもは通常,予測可能な発達タイムラインの中で言語を習得します.
- バイリンガルな子供は2つの言語を学ぶという課題に直面し,言語の入力量を2倍にするように見える.
- 言語的負荷が増加したにもかかわらず,バイリンガルな子供の言語習得のスピードは,単語を話す同級生の言語習得速度とよく一致します.
研究 の 目的:
- 単語を話す幼児と双語を話す幼児の言語習得速度を比較する認知メカニズムを調査する.
- 幼児の言語構造に関する学習の柔軟性に早期のバイリンガルの曝露が影響するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 12ヶ月の幼児を対象とした研究で,独語と双語グループを比較した.
- 幼児は,2つの異なるスピーチの規則性を同時に学ぶことを要求するタスクを提示されました.
- それぞれの規則性に対する学習成果を評価するために,行動応答をモニターした.
主要な成果:
- バイリンガルな赤ちゃんは,同時に表現されたスピーチの規則性を両方で学びました.
- 対照的に,単語を話す乳児は,提示された2つの規則性のうちの1つしか学ばなかった.
- これは,双言語の幼児が言語を発達させる前に,優れた学習の柔軟性を示しています.
結論:
- 早期のバイリンガルの暴露は,幼児の認知の柔軟性を高めます.
- この柔軟性の増大は,バイリンガルな子供たちが2つの言語を1つの言語を学習する単語を学習する子供と比較して2つの言語を習得する方法を説明するかもしれません.
- バイリンガリズムは,非常に早い年齢からより効率的な学習メカニズムを育む可能性があります.
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