マインド・ブラインド・アイズ:アスペルガー症候群における自発的な心の理論の欠如
Atsushi Senju1, Victoria Southgate, Sarah White
1Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK. a.senju@bbk.ac.uk
まとめ
アスペルガー症候群の個人は,神経型成人とは異なり,精神状態を自発的に属性化しません. しかし,彼らは明示的なタスクでの補償学習を通じてこの能力を開発することができます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- ソーシャル・コグニションとは
背景:
- アスペルガー症候群の個人は,社会的コミュニケーションの障害を示します.
- 彼らは,明示的に尋ねられたとき,信念のような精神状態を理解することができます.
- 以前の研究は,自発的なメンタライゼーションの潜在的欠陥を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- アスペルガー症候群の成人が自発的にメンタライズするかどうかを調査する.
- アスペルガー症候群における自発的なメンタライジング能力を,神経型成人および乳児と比較する.
- アスペルガー症候群における障害の自発的な精神状態の帰属の仮説を検証するために.
主な方法:
- 乳幼児で以前に検証されたアイトラッキングタスクを使用しました.
- 誤った信念のパラダイムに基づいて,予想される目の動きを評価した.
- 神経型成人 (n=17) とアスペルガー症候群の成人 (n=19) を比較した.
主要な成果:
- ニューロタイプの成人の眼の動きは,誤った信念に基づいた行動を予測し,幼児に似ています.
- アスペルガー症候群の個人は,誤った信念の理解を反映した予想的な眼球の動きを示さなかった.
- これは,アスペルガー症候群群のグループで自発的な精神状態の属性がないことを示しています.
結論:
- アスペルガー症候群の成人は,精神状態を自発的に属性化しません.
- 明確なタスクは,メンタライズする能力の補償的な学習を可能にします.
- 発見は,アスペルガー症候群における自発的対明示的な社会的認知の違いを強調しています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Structuralism
Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Modeling in Therapy
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Reason and Intuition
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
Magical Thinking
Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...


