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ディスレクシア:教育と認知神経科学の新シナジー
1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. gabrieli@mit.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 18, 2009
まとめ
難読症は,読書の難しさであり,音声意識の低下から生じます. 行動と脳の測定を用いた早期介入は,ほとんどのリスクのある子供において,難読症を予防することができます.
科学分野:
- 認知神経科学とは
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 教育心理学の教育心理学について
背景:
- ディスレクシアは読書の習得に影響を及ぼし,多くの場合,音声学的意識の欠陥に関連しています.
- 早期の行動介入は有望だが,普遍的に効果的ではない.
- 神経画像は,変異した接続性と皮質の関与の減少を含む,不読症の子供の脳の違いを明らかにします.
研究 の 目的:
- ディスレクシア予防のための行動と神経科学のアプローチの組み合わせの有効性を探求する.
- 行動および脳の測定を用いて,難読症の早期リスク要因を特定する.
- ディスレクシアと介入による可塑性の根底にある神経メカニズムを理解する.
主な方法:
- 子どもの脳の活動と接続性を評価するために,神経イメージング技術を活用しました.
- 音声意識に焦点を当てた行動評価を採用しました.
- リスクのある乳幼児と幼い子供の縦断的な発達と介入の結果を追跡した.
主要な成果:
- 早期の難読症のリスクのための特定の神経マーカーと行動指標を特定しました.
- 効果的な介入への反応として機能的な脳可塑性を実証した.
- ディスレクシアの緩和に早期に,標的を絞った介入の有効性を確認しました.
結論:
- 認知神経科学とエビデンスベースの教えを統合した組み合わせのアプローチは,難読症の予防のための有望な戦略を提供します.
- 早期発見と介入は,難読症の治療に不可欠です.
- 神経科学の対策は,読書障害の予測と予防を向上させることができます.
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