女性のインシデント高血圧に関連した食事とライフスタイルのリスク要因
John P Forman1, Meir J Stampfer, Gary C Curhan
1Renal Division and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jforman@partners.org
JAMA
|July 23, 2009
まとめ
正常なボディマス指数 (BMI),定期的な運動,バランスの取れた食事を含む健康的なライフスタイルを採用することで,女性の高血圧を発症するリスクを大幅に減らすことができます. これらの要因を遵守することで,かなりの数の新しい高血圧症例を予防することができます.
科学分野:
- 心血管の健康について
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 高血圧は,女性の死亡率の主な予防可能なリスク因子です.
- 高血圧のリスク要因は特定され,修正可能であるが,その影響と人口分布の組み合わせは評価が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 健康的な食事とライフスタイル要因を採用することで予防できる女性の高血圧発生率の割合を推定する.
主な方法:
- プロスペクティブコホート研究では,83,882人の女性 (27歳~44歳) を14年間追跡した.
- 高血圧の低リスク要因は,通常のBMI (<25),毎日30分間激しい運動,DASHダイエットの遵守,控えめなアルコール摂取量 (≤10g/d),非麻薬鎮痛剤の頻度の少ない使用 (<1/週),および十分な葉酸摂取量 (≥400μg/d) である.
- これらの要因の組み合わせとインシデント高血圧の間の関連は,調整された危険比率と人口の帰属リスク (PAR) を使用して分析されました.
主要な成果:
- 14年間にわたって,12319件の高血圧症例が報告されました.
- 全6つの低リスク因子を有する女性 (全人口の0.3%) は,高血圧を発症するリスクが78%低かった (PAR=78%).
- 通常のBMIは最も強い予測因子であり,BMI ≥25は40%のPAR.
結論:
- 低リスクの食事とライフスタイル要因の遵守は,高血圧の発生率の減少と強く関連しています.
- これらの健康的な習慣を実践することで,若い女性の高血圧の新規症例を予防する大きな可能性を秘めています.
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