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人間の呼吸道上皮質の動くシリアは,化学感知性である
Alok S Shah1, Yehuda Ben-Shahar, Thomas O Moninger
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
まとめ
人間の呼吸道上皮細胞には,苦い化合物を感知する運動性シリアがあります. この感知は,シリアスビート周波数の増加を誘発し,吸入された物質を肺から除去する防御機構を開始します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 呼吸器系生理学 呼吸器系生理学について
- 感覚生物学 感覚生物学について
背景:
- シリアは顕微鏡の細胞の投影であり,それぞれの役割が異なっています:プライマリシリアは感覚器官として機能し,運動シリアは機械的な力を生み出します.
- ヒトの呼吸道上皮細胞の動くシリアは,吸入した破片と病原体を肺から除去するために不可欠です.
- 感覚受容体は,通常,プライマリーシリアで見られるが,以前は,古典的な運動性シリアには存在することが知られていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の呼吸道上皮細胞の運動性シリアの感覚苦い味の受容体の存在と機能を調査する.
- 苦い化合物が,運動性シリアの機械的機能を調節できるかどうかを判断する.
- 有害な吸入物質を感知し,それに反応する際の運動性シリアの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 呼吸道上皮細胞の苦い味の受容体を局所化する免疫光顕微鏡.
- 苦い化合物に反応する細胞内カルシウムイオン濃度の測定.
- 高速ビデオ顕微鏡を用いたシリアービート周波数の分析.
主要な成果:
- ヒトの呼吸道上皮細胞は,感覚苦い味の受容体を発現し,それらは運動性シリアに局所されています.
- 苦い化合物の曝露により,細胞内カルシウムイオン濃度が著しく増加した.
- 苦い化合物は,運動性ciliaのビート周波数の増加を刺激しました.
結論:
- 呼吸道上の上皮細胞の移動性シリアは,苦い化合物を検出できる細胞自律的感覚システムを備えています.
- 移動性シリアによって有害物質の検出は,それらを排除するために機械的反応 (シリアビート周波数の増加) を引き起こす.
- この研究は,プライマリーシリアに類似した古典的な運動シリアが,感覚器官として機能し,環境刺激を検知できることを示しています.
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