細菌における転写制御回路の進化
J Christian Perez1, Eduardo A Groisman
1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Cell
|July 28, 2009
まとめ
関連する生物は,遺伝子発現を制御するために同様の転写因子を使用しますが,しばしば異なる遺伝子セットを調節します. バクテリアの調節進化には,祖先の転写因子,遺伝子転送,およびプロモーターの変化が含まれるため,異なる遺伝子調節につながります.
科学分野:
- 比較ゲノミクスとは
- 分子進化は分子進化である.
- 遺伝子調節 遺伝子調節
背景:
- 生物は多くの場合,環境のシグナルに反応するために,正統転写因子を使用します.
- 逆説的に,これらの保存された要因は,種間の異なる遺伝子のセットを頻繁に調節します.
- これらの規制の違いを駆動するメカニズムを理解することは,進化生物学にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 関連する生物における異なった遺伝子調節の基礎となるメカニズムを調査し,特にバクテリアに焦点を当てます.
- 調節分岐におけるプロモーター再配線と種固有の遺伝子の役割を区別する.
- バクテリアの調節回路の進化に対する水平遺伝子の移転の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 関連種間の転写因子活動と標的遺伝子の比較分析.
- 共有遺伝子のプロモーター構造と,種特有の遺伝子のプロモーター構造を調べる.
- インシリコおよび実験的アプローチで,水平遺伝子転送の役割を評価する.
主要な成果:
- ユカリオットでは,共有遺伝子のプロモーター再配線が,規制的分岐の主要な原動力である.
- バクテリアでは,祖先の転写因子はしばしば種固有の遺伝子を制御し,規制の新しさに貢献します.
- 横の遺伝子転送は,細菌の制御回路の進化を著しく形作る.
結論:
- 規制の相違は,真核生物とバクテリアの異なるメカニズムから生じる.
- バクテリアの調節進化は,祖先要因の相互作用,水平遺伝子の移転,およびプロモーターの修正によって特徴付けられます.
- これらの進化過程は,保存された調節タンパク質の使用にもかかわらず,種特有の遺伝子調節につながります.
関連する概念動画
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Bacterial Transcription
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription in Prokaryotes
Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow box)...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression
Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
Global Regulatory Systems
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...


