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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Non-equilibrium in the Cell01:16

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Updated: May 12, 2026

A Protocol for Multiple Gene Knockout in Mouse Small Intestinal Organoids Using a CRISPR-concatemer
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A Protocol for Multiple Gene Knockout in Mouse Small Intestinal Organoids Using a CRISPR-concatemer

Published on: July 12, 2017

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マルチプレックスゲノム工学による細胞プログラミングと加速進化.

Harris H Wang1,2,3, Farren J Isaacs1, Peter A Carr4,5

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Nature
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

マルチプレックス自動ゲノム工学 (MAGE) は,細胞の膨大なゲノム多様性を急速に生み出します. この技術は,ライコペンの生産強化など,改良された産業用途のための生物の進化を加速します.

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Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing
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Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing

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Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
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Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Protocol for Multiple Gene Knockout in Mouse Small Intestinal Organoids Using a CRISPR-concatemer
11:53

A Protocol for Multiple Gene Knockout in Mouse Small Intestinal Organoids Using a CRISPR-concatemer

Published on: July 12, 2017

20.5K
Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing
09:03

Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing

Published on: May 10, 2020

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Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

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科学分野:

  • 合成生物学 合成生物学とは
  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • メタボリックエンジニアリング

背景:

  • 実験室でゲノム多様性を生み出すことは,実用的な時間スケールでは困難です.
  • 現存する誘導進化法は,単一遺伝子の操作に限定され,労苦を要するものである.
  • 遺伝子ネットワークとゲノムの並列的かつ継続的な進化が必要である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 大規模な細胞プログラミングと進化のためのマルチプレックス自動ゲノム工学 (MAGE) を記述する.
  • 多様な遺伝子変化の迅速かつ継続的な生成のための自動化された装置を開発する.
  • ライコペンの過剰生産のためにDXP生物合成経路を最適化するために.

主な方法:

  • MAGEは,単細胞または集団内の複数のゲノム位置を同時にターゲットにします.
  • 自動化されたMAGEデバイスは,組合せ型ゲノム多様性のサイクルおよびスケーラブルな生成を促進します.
  • 合成DNAプールを用いて,DXP経路内の24の遺伝子成分を同時に改変する.

主要な成果:

  • 毎日43億以上の組み合わせゲノム変異が生成されています.
  • 3日以内にライコペンの生産を5倍に増加させました.
  • 既存のメタボリックエンジニアリング技術に比べて有意な改善を示した.

結論:

  • MAGEは,細胞の高速で大規模な工学と進化を可能にします.
  • このマルチプレックスアプローチは,新しい性質を持つ生物の設計と進化を加速します.
  • MAGEは,産業用アプリケーションの代謝経路の最適化のための強力なツールです.