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関連する概念動画

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

特定の経路は,重複媒介によるゲノム再編成を防ぐ.

Christopher D Putnam1, Tikvah K Hayes, Richard D Kolodner

  • 1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0669, USA.

Nature
|July 31, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

複製に弱い特定の酵母染色体領域は,ゲノムの不安定性を引き起こす可能性があります. 特定の遺伝子と経路は,これらの再編成を抑制し,繰り返しのDNA配列を持つ細胞における広範囲にわたるゲノム不安定を防止します.

科学分野:

  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • イースト遺伝学 イースト遺伝学

背景:

  • ユカリオットのゲノムには,多数の異なる繰り返し配列が含まれています.
  • ゲノム不安定性のメカニズムの理解は,遺伝子変異に関連する疾患の予防に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 毛細染色体再編成 (GCRs) の形成におけるSaccharomyces cerevisiaeの特定の染色体領域の役割を調査する.
  • 繰り返しのDNA領域における同質再結合によって媒介されるGCRを抑制する遺伝子と経路を特定する.

主な方法:

  • サッカロマイセス・セレヴィシアの染色体Vの左腕の分析
  • HXT13-DSF1領域の重複とGCRを形成する傾向を調べる.
  • 様々な遺伝子 (SGS1,TOP3,SRS2,RAD6,SLX1,SLX4,SLX5,MSH2,MSH6,RAD10) とDNA複製ストレスチェックポイント (MRC1,TOF1) がGCRを抑制する役割を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 哺乳類のセグメンタル重複に類似する異なったホモロジーを含むHXT13-DSF1領域は,重複媒介のGCRのために"危険にさらされている"と特定されました.
  • 多くの遺伝子と経路が,これらのGCRを抑制することに特に関与していることが判明し,単複製配列媒介のGCRを抑制する遺伝子と経路とは異なる.

さらに関連する動画

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
06:44

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2021

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
06:44

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2021

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

結論:

  • GCR形成と抑制のメカニズムは,重複性DNA領域と単一コピーDNA領域の間で異なります.
  • これらの発見は,多くの異なる繰り返し配列を含んでいるにもかかわらず,真核細胞が広範囲のゲノム不安定性を防ぐ方法を説明します.