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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

51.8K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

10.9K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
10.9K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

6.9K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.7K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.7K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.2K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 3, 2026

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

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DNAはRNAを作って,先天的な免疫を作ります.

Luke A J O'Neill1

  • 1School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. laoneill@tcd.ie

Cell
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

細胞塩基DNAは,先天性免疫とインターフェロンベータ (IFN-β) の生成を誘発する. 研究者らは,DNA依存型RNAポリメラーゼIIIを,宿主細胞の細胞溶液内の微生物DNAをこの免疫反応と結びつける重要なセンサーとして特定した.

科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 微生物学 微生物学とは

背景:

  • 宿主細胞の細胞溶液にある微生物のDNAは,先天的な免疫反応を活性化させます.
  • インターフェロン-β (IFN-β) は,抗ウイルスおよび抗菌免疫における重要なサイトカインです.

研究 の 目的:

  • 生まれつきの免疫反応を誘発する細胞性DNAセンサを特定する.
  • 微生物DNA検出とIFN-β生産を結びつけるメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • この研究では,微生物のDNAを刺激したときにIFN-βの産生を検出するための細胞ベースの測定法が含まれていた可能性が高い.
  • RNA干渉や遺伝子ノックアウトなどの技術は,DNAセンサーを識別するために使用されている可能性があります.
  • IFN-βレベルを測定するために,ウエスタン・ブロッティングまたはELISAを使用することができました.

主要な成果:

  • 細胞塩基DNAは,インターフェロン-β (IFN-β) の生成を誘発する.
  • DNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼIIIは,細胞性微生物DNAのセンサーとして特定されました.
  • このセンサーは,病原性細菌およびウイルスのDNAがサイトゾールに存在することを,IFN-βの産生と先天性免疫と関連付けています.

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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting
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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

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In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses
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In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting
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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

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In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses
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In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses

Published on: September 7, 2022

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結論:

  • DNA依存型RNAポリメラーゼIIIは,細胞塩基DNAの重要なセンサーとして作用する.
  • この感知メカニズムは,微生物感染症に対する先天的な免疫反応の開始に不可欠です.
  • この発見は,宿主細胞が細胞内微生物DNAを検出し,免疫信号伝達経路を活性化する方法の分子基礎を提供する.