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関連する概念動画

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

人間のテロメラーゼは,現行中に捕まえた.

Peng Wu1, Titia de Lange

  • 1The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. pwu01@mail.rockefeller.edu

Cell
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

テロメラーゼは,最も短いものだけでなく,人間の癌細胞のほとんどのテロメアを各S相で拡張します. テロメラーゼの作用後,補完性鎖の合成もすぐには起こらない.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • がん研究 がん研究

背景:

  • テロメラーゼは,テロメアの長さを維持する鍵となる酵素です.
  • 以前のモデルでは,テロメラーゼは,最も短いテロメアを長引くことを好むと示唆していた.
  • また,補完性鎖の合成はテロメラーゼの作用に即座に続くと考えられていた.

研究 の 目的:

  • 人間の癌細胞におけるテロメラーゼによるテロメラー延長のダイナミクスを調査する.
  • テロメラーゼがより短いテロメアに優遇的に作用するかどうかを判断する.
  • テロメア維持中のG豊富な結合と補完性鎖の合成を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 人間の癌細胞におけるテロメア長さの動態の分析.
  • 細胞サイクルのS段階におけるテロメラーゼ活性に関する観察.
  • テロメアにおけるDNA合成パターンの調査.

主要な成果:

  • テロメラーゼの活動により,最も短いものだけでなく,ほとんどのテロメアが伸びることが観察されました.
  • テロメラーゼによるテロメア延長は,各S相において発生する.
  • 補完的なDNA鎖の合成は,テロメラーゼ媒介によるG豊富な鎖の拡張にすぐには続くわけではありません.

さらに関連する動画

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
06:38

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: May 3, 2019

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
06:38

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: May 3, 2019

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

結論:

  • テロメラーゼによる最短のテロメアの一番長さの優遇的な延長という確立されたモデルは,挑戦されています.
  • 癌細胞におけるテロメアゼによるテロメア維持は,これまで考えられていたよりも,より広範なプロセスである.
  • テロメア合成のメカニズムは,先行性および後退性鎖合成の時間的な分離を含みます.