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p53媒介のDNAダメージ反応は,iPS細胞のゲノム整合性を確保するために再プログラミングを制限します
Rosa M Marión1, Katerina Strati, Han Li
1Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.
Nature
|August 12, 2009
まとめ
腫瘍抑制剤p53は,損傷した細胞から誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) の生成を防ぐ. p53をブロックすると,DNA損傷と染色体異常を持つiPS細胞の生成が可能になります.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 幹細胞の研究について
背景:
- 分化細胞を誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) に再プログラムすることは非効率です.
- テロメアが短い細胞は再プログラミングに抵抗し",再プログラミングの障壁"が存在することを示唆しています.
- これらの障壁は,テロメアの未開封とDNA損傷に関連している可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- DNA損傷のある細胞からのiPS細胞の再プログラミングを防止するp53の役割を調査する.
- 様々な形態のDNA損傷を有する細胞を再プログラムする際にp53がバリアとして作用するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 誘発されたDNA損傷 (テロメア短縮,修復欠陥,外因的損傷) を有するマウスおよびヒト細胞モデルを使用した.
- p53の機能的活動があるか,ないかによる再プログラミング効率の評価.
- 生成されたiPS細胞をDNA損傷と染色体安定性のために分析した.
主要な成果:
- DNA損傷反応によって引き起こされるp53の活性化により,アポトーシスによる再プログラムが中止されます.
- p53機能の廃止により,損傷した細胞の効率的な再プログラムが可能になります.
- 機能的なp53が欠けている生成されたiPS細胞は,持続的なDNA損傷と染色体異常を示す.
結論:
- 細胞は,再プログラム中にDNA損傷の不耐性を高めている.
- p53は,サブ最適の親細胞から多能細胞の生成を防ぐために不可欠です.
- p53は,ゲノム不安定性を持つiPS細胞を生成しないための重要な保障として機能します.
関連する概念動画
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Abnormal Proliferation
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Negative Regulator Molecules
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

