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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 11, 2026

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP
08:25

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Published on: April 3, 2012

不滅化は,iPS細胞への細胞再プログラム中に障害物を排除します.

Jochen Utikal1, Jose M Polo, Matthias Stadtfeld

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

Nature
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

体細胞を誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) に再プログラムすることは,老化を克服することによって加速されます. Arf-Trp53経路の喪失は,iPS細胞の生成効率と運動性を高めます.

さらに関連する動画

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
08:14

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Published on: October 28, 2014

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
09:45

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Published on: January 1, 2017

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP
08:25

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Published on: April 3, 2012

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
08:14

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Published on: October 28, 2014

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
09:45

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Published on: January 1, 2017

科学分野:

  • 細胞を再プログラムする.
  • 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学とは
  • がん生物学 がん生物学

背景:

  • ソマティック細胞が誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) に再プログラムすることは非効率で遅い.
  • 衰老は,複製停止の状態であり,再プログラミングの効率を阻害する.
  • 効率的な再プログラミングの具体的な障壁は,ほとんど不明のままです.

研究 の 目的:

  • 体細胞の再プログラムにおける細胞衰老とArf-Trp53経路の役割を調査する.
  • iPS細胞生成の効率と運動性を高める要因を特定する.
  • 細胞不死と多能性獲得の関係を解明する.

主な方法:

  • 主要なネズミの線維芽細胞と不死の細胞系を活用した.
  • Arf-Trp53経路のp19 ((Arf) とコンポーネントの発現を操作した.
  • iPS細胞コロニー形成の効率と運動を評価した.
  • 特定の細胞亜集団におけるTrp53 (p53) の遺伝的アブレーションを用いること.

主要な成果:

  • 低p19 (Arf) レベルまたはArf-Trp53経路に欠陥がある線維芽細胞は,最大3倍の高速な再プログラム運動と,著しく高い効率を示した.
  • Trp53 (p53) の急性遺伝子切除により,そうでなければ再プログラムできない細胞亜集団の再プログラム能力が回復した.
  • 細胞不死の獲得は,多能性の確立のための決定的な,速度を制限するステップとして特定されました.

結論:

  • Arf-Trp53経路は,効率的な体細胞再プログラムに重大な障壁として作用する.
  • 衰老を克服し,細胞不死性を達成することは,iPS細胞生成の強化に不可欠です.
  • 誘発性多能性は,特に不死の獲得に関して,腫瘍形成と根本的な類似性を共有しています.