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インドにおける地下水の枯渇の衛星ベースの推定値
Matthew Rodell1, Isabella Velicogna, James S Famiglietti
1Hydrological Sciences Branch, Code 614.3, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
Nature
|August 14, 2009
まとめ
インド北西部の地下水の枯渇は,恐るべき速さで加速している. 持続不可能な水の使用は,この地域を脅かしています.
科学分野:
- 水文学 水文学とは
- 環境科学 環境科学
- リモートセンシング (リモートセンサー)
背景:
- 地下水は世界的に重要な淡水源である.
- 地下水への過度な依存は,持続不可能な枯渇につながります.
- インド北西部では,地下水の減少の間接的な兆候が見られる.
研究 の 目的:
- インド北西部の地下水の枯渇率を地域的に評価する.
- 衛星データと水文モデリングを使用して地下水の損失を定量化します.
- 地下水の減少の主な要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- NASA重力回復と気候実験 (GRACE) の衛星データを,陸上の水貯蔵の変化に活用した.
- 土壌と水の変動について,データを統合した水文モデリングシステムを採用した.
- 2002年8月から2008年10月までのデータを分析した.
主要な成果:
- ラジャスタン,パンジャブ,ハリヤナ (デリーを含む) の地下水の枯渇は平均4.0 ± 1.0 cm yr−1 (17.7 ± 4.5 km3 yr−1) である.
- 研究期間中の地下水の総損失は109km3で,インド最大の貯水池容量の2倍でした.
- 他の貯水器の構成要素は減少に大きく寄与しなかった.
結論:
- 灌や人為的な用途のための持続不可能な地下水消費が原因である可能性が高い.
- 農業と飲料水の不足を回避するために,緊急の持続可能な地下水管理が不可欠です.
- 行動を起こさないと,1億1,400万人以上の住民に深刻な社会経済的なストレスがもたらされる可能性があります.
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