南アフリカにおける暴力と負傷:予防のためのアジェンダを優先する
Mohamed Seedat1, Ashley Van Niekerk2, Rachel Jewkes3
1Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa; Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, Medical Research Council-University of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 28, 2009
まとめ
南アフリカは,暴力と負傷の深刻な危機に直面しており,高い死亡率と障害をもたらしています. これに対処するには,政府のリーダーシップと,社会的決定要因に対処し,法執行を強化するための部門間計画が必要です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- クリミノロジー 犯罪学
背景:
- 暴力と怪我は,南アフリカにおける死亡と障害調整寿命年の第2の主要な原因です.
- 傷による死亡率は世界の平均のほぼ2倍であり,親密なパートナーによる殺人率は6倍高い.
- 殺人,女性や子供に対する暴力,意図しない傷害に重点を置く.
研究 の 目的:
- 南アフリカにおける暴力と傷害の規模,文脈,パターンを見直す.
- 暴力に寄与する社会的動態を特定する.
- 暴力防止における政府の役割を評価する.
主な方法:
- 暴力と傷害に関する既存の文献とデータのレビュー.
- 社会的決定要因と貢献要因の分析.
- 現在のサービスと政府の関与の検討.
主要な成果:
- 重要な社会的ダイナミクスには,貧困,失業,不平等,父権的規範,児童虐待,銃器使用,アルコール乱用,法執行の弱さなどが含まれる.
- 被害者サービスと非政府組織 (NGO) のイノベーションの進歩は存在しています.
- 暴力防止における政府の管理とリーダーシップが著しく欠如している.
結論:
- 暴力と怪我の予防を成功させるには,政府が暴力を戦略的優先事項として認識することが必要です.
- 根拠に基づいたプログラムと政策に基づく分野間計画の策定が不可欠である.
- 政府のリーダーシップが,暴力に寄与する複雑な社会的およびシステム的要因に対処するための緊急の必要性です.
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