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1988年にイスラエルで発生したポリオ・ミレチス: 2つの解説を含む報告書
P E Slater1, W A Orenstein, A Morag
1Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 19, 1990
まとめ
1988年のイスラエルでのポリオの発生は,大量ワクチン接種につながった. 専門家は,強化された不活性化ポリオワクチン (eIPV) か,eIPVと口服ポリオワクチン (OPV) の組み合わせが将来のポリオ予防に最適な戦略であるかどうかを議論しました.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 1988年の麻痺性小児麻痺症の発生は,イスラエルで,主にハデラサブディストリクトで発生しました.
- この地域では,1982年以来,乳児に対して強化型不活性ポリオワクチン (eIPV) を独占的に使用していました.
- 15例のうち9例は15歳以上の成人であり,多くは以前に口服ポリオワクチン (OPV) を接種していた.
研究 の 目的:
- イスラエルで1型ポリオウイルスが流行した原因を調査する.
- 流行の制御におけるさまざまなポリオワクチン戦略の有効性を評価する.
- イスラエルにおける将来のポリオ予防接種政策を策定する.
主な方法:
- 流行の症例,ワクチン接種歴,地理的分布の分析.
- ワクチン株と流行病株の血清陽性と抗体位数の比較.
- 汚水や社会的接触を含む潜在的な感染経路に関する疫学調査.
主要な成果:
- 1型ポリオウイルスによる麻痺性ポリオミエライトの15例が発生した.
- 重要な数の症例は,OPVで以前にワクチン接種された個人または若い成人に発生しました.
- 主要な原因要因と最適なワクチン接種アプローチに関する研究者の間の意見の相違.
結論:
- あるグループは,eIPVとOPVの併用ワクチン接種プログラムをイスラエルに提案し,OPVワクチン接種を受けた成人の感受性,eIPVワクチン接種を受けた子供の潜在的低腸免疫を理由にした.
- 別のグループは,eIPVのみを好み,疫病発生を環境への曝露,独特の流行性菌株,およびワクチンの菌株と比較してこの菌株に対する抗体の反応が低いと説明しました.
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