非喫煙者における慢性閉塞性肺疾患
Sundeep S Salvi1, Peter J Barnes
1Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India. ssalvi@crfindia.com
Lancet (London, England)
|September 1, 2009
まとめ
バイオマス煙への曝露は,数十億人に影響する慢性阻害性肺疾患 (COPD) の主要な世界的な原因である可能性があります. このレビューは,バイオマス燃料,職業的曝露,感染症を含む,タバコの喫煙以外の様々なCOPDリスク要因を調査しています.
科学分野:
- 肺内医学 肺内医学 肺内医学
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 慢性阻害性肺疾患 (COPD) は,世界的な健康上の重大な負担であり,広範な罹病率と死亡率を引き起こしています.
- タバコの喫煙が主な危険因子である一方で,COPDの症例の大部分は,特に開発途上国では,決して喫煙していない人に起こります.
- これは,非伝統的なCOPDリスク要因を特定し理解することの重要性を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 様々な環境的および職業的曝露とCOPDの発生との関連に関する証拠をレビューし,統合する.
- COPDの潜在的主要な世界的な危険因子として,バイオマス燃料の煙が果たす重要な役割を強調する.
- 職業上の塵,感染症,大気汚染などの他の要因を調査する.
主な方法:
- 既存の疫学研究と科学文献の体系的なレビュー.
- バイオマス燃料の煙とタバコの喫煙との間の接触に関する世界人口のデータ分析.
- COPDとバイオマス煙,職業的曝露,幼児感染,喘息,大気汚染を含む要因との関連に関するエビデンスの合成.
主要な成果:
- COPD患者の約25~45%は喫煙したことがないと推定されており,これは非喫煙者のCOPDの負担が大きいことを示している.
- 約30億人の人々がバイオマス燃料の煙にさらされており,それが世界で最も重要な世界的なCOPDリスク要因になる可能性があります.
- 関連性は,バイオマス燃料,職業的曝露,結核病歴,喘息,幼児期呼吸器感染症,屋外大気汚染,社会経済的地位について検討されました.
結論:
- バイオマス燃料からの煙への曝露は,世界的にCOPDの重要な,認識されていない危険因子です.
- 非喫煙によるCOPDの発生率は高いため,危険因子に関するより広範な理解が必要である.
- 公共衛生の戦略は,特に開発途上国におけるバイオマスの煙への曝露に対処し,世界的なCOPDの負担を軽減すべきである.
関連する概念動画
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