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関連する概念動画

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 10, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

ADHDにおけるドーパミン報酬経路の評価:臨床的影響

Nora D Volkow1, Gene-Jack Wang, Scott H Kollins

  • 1National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd, Room 5274, MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. nvolkow@nida.nih.gov

JAMA
|September 10, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

注意欠陥/多動性障害 (ADHD) の成人は,脳の報酬経路におけるドーパミンシナプスマーカーの減少を示しています. これらのドーパミントランスポーターおよび受容体の減少は,注意欠陥の症状と相関しており,ADHDにおける報酬-動機付けの欠陥の生物学的根拠を示唆しています.

さらに関連する動画

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 精神科医は精神病を患っている.
  • 神経画像は,神経イメージングによるものです.

背景:

  • 注意欠陥/多動性障害 (ADHD) は,しばしば成人期まで持続する,流行する小児精神疾患です.
  • ADHDの個人は,報酬の動機付けの欠陥を頻繁に示しています.
  • メソアクンベンスのドーパミン報酬経路は,報酬処理に関与しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • ADHDにおける報酬/動機付けの欠陥の生物学的な基盤を調査する.
  • ADHDの成人の脳におけるドーパミンの報酬経路 (メソアキュンベンズ) の重要な成分をイメージする.

主な方法:

  • ポジトロン放出トモグラフィ (PET) は,ドーパミンのシナプスマーカーを測定するために使用されました.
  • ドーパミントランスポーター (DAT) とD(2) /D(3) 受容体は,特定の放射性リンガンドを用いて定量化されました.
  • この研究では,ADHDの治療を受けていない成人53人と,健康な対照群44人が参加した.

主要な成果:

  • ドーパミントランスポーター (DAT) とD(2) /D(3) 受容体の低特異結合は,対照群と比較してADHDの成人に観察されました.
  • これらの減少は,核アクンベンズ,中脳,尾状を含む主要な報酬経路領域で見つかりました.
  • 注意の評価は,複数の脳領域におけるDATおよびD(2) /D(3) 受容体の可用性と有意に相関していた.

結論:

  • ドーパミン報酬経路内のドーパミンシナプスマーカーの減少は,ADHDと関連しています.
  • これらの神経生物学的変化が,ADHDの個体において観察された報酬-動機付けの欠陥の根底にある可能性があります.
  • 研究結果は,ADHDの病理生理学と症状の提示におけるドーパミンシステムの役割を強調しています.