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関連する概念動画

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...

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In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
10:01

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

Published on: March 31, 2018

テトラヒドロフランを用いた水素貯蔵容量の増加

Takeshi Sugahara1, Joanna C Haag, Pinnelli S R Prasad

  • 1Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は,テトラヒドロフーラン (THF) ハイドラートで水素貯蔵を調査し,3.4%重量%の容量を達成しました. この研究は,水素がTHFが促進した水素酸塩の大きなケージを占有できることを,以前の発見とは対照的に示しています.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

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In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
10:01

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 化学工学は化学工学というものです.
  • エネルギー貯蔵 エネルギー貯蔵

背景:

  • ハイドラット中の水素貯蔵は,クリーンエネルギーアプリケーションにとって極めて重要です.
  • テトラヒドロフーラン (THF) などのプロモーター分子の,水素水合物形成と貯蔵能力における役割は,現在も調査中です.
  • 以前の研究では,プロモーターベースの水素の大きなケージ内の水素占有量の制限が示唆されていました.

研究 の 目的:

  • テトラヒドロフラン (THF) によって促進された水素水合物における水素貯蔵容量とケージ占有量を調査する.
  • 水素-THF水合物のための新しい製造方法を探求する.
  • 水素貯蔵効率に対するTHF濃度の影響を測定する.

主な方法:

  • 固体粉末のTHFを氷と混合し,その後水素 (70MPa,255K) で圧縮する新しい製造方法.
  • ラマンマイクロプローブスペクトロスコーピーを用いた分析.
  • 粉末X線 difraktionとガスの体積分析を用いて,水素貯蔵量を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 水素貯蔵容量は,THFの組成に大きく依存しています.
  • 以前の報告とは対照的に,THF+H(2) 構造II水素のTHFモル分数は0.01.0未満で,水素分子が大きなケージを占有することが観察されました.
  • THF+H(2) 水素系では,約3.4%の最大水素貯蔵能力が達成されました.

結論:

  • この研究は,THFが促進した水合物における水素による大きなケージの占拠を成功裏に実証しています.
  • この発見は,水素水酸ケージ占有におけるプロモーターの制限に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
  • THF含有量の調整可能な効果は,将来の科学および実用的なアプリケーションのための高度な水素貯蔵ソリューションの開発の可能性を提供します.