医療従事者のインフルエンザ予防のための手術用マスク対N95呼吸器:ランダム化試験
Mark Loeb1, Nancy Dafoe, James Mahony
1Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
JAMA
|October 3, 2009
まとめ
外科用マスクは,医療従事者のためのN95呼吸器と比較して,インフルエンザに対する非劣等な保護を示した. この発見は,公衆衛生にとって,特にN95呼吸器の供給が限られているインフルエンザのパンデミックの間,非常に重要です.
科学分野:
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 職業衛生は,健康に関するものです.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 医療従事者のインフルエンザ予防のためにN95呼吸器と比較して,外科用マスクの有効性に関するデータは限られている.
- パンデミック中のN95呼吸器の不足は,手術用マスクの有効性を理解することを必要としています.
- 外科用マスクの有効性を評価することは,公衆衛生の準備に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- インフルエンザシーズンにおける医療従事者のN95呼吸器に対する外科マスクの保護効果を比較する.
- 手術用マスクがN95呼吸器に比べて劣らない保護を提供しているか判断する.
主な方法:
- オンタリオ州の8つの病院で446人の看護師を対象とした非劣等性のランダム化対照試験.
- 看護師は,フィットテストされたN95呼吸器か,熱性呼吸器疾患の患者をケアする際に手術用マスクのいずれかに割り当てられました.
- プライマリアウトカム:PCRによる検査で確認されたインフルエンザまたはヘマグルチニンの位数上昇.
主要な成果:
- インフルエンザは,外科用マスク群の23.6%とN95呼吸器群の22.9%で発生しました.
- 絶対リスク差は -0.73% (95%CI, -8.8%から7.3%) で,劣等でない基準を満たした.
- この研究は,前もって定義された-9%のマージン内の低い信頼限度で,非劣等性を確認しました.
結論:
- 手術用マスクは,病院でのN95呼吸器と比較して,実験室で確認されたインフルエンザに対して劣らない保護を提供します.
- 研究結果は,医療従事者のインフルエンザ予防のためにN95呼吸器の有効な代替手段として,外科用マスクの使用を支持している.
- この研究は,インフルエンザの流行とパンデミックの間,感染制御戦略と資源配分に重大な影響を及ぼします.
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