クレータ紀・パレオゲン紀の大量絶滅の後,海洋生産性の急速な復活
関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 19, 2026
08:15
Visualizing Oceanographic Data to Depict Long-term Changes in Phytoplankton
Published on: July 28, 2023
Julio Sepúlveda1, Jens E Wendler, Roger E Summons
1Organic Geochemistry Group, Department of Geosciences, and Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany. juliosep@mit.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 3, 2009
まとめ
海の一次生産性は,白亜紀・旧亜紀の大量絶滅の後に一時的に混乱した. 証拠は,光合成と生態学的再編の急速な復活を1世紀以内に示唆しており,以前の仮定に挑戦しています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 地質化学 地質化学
- マリン・バイオロジー マリン・バイオロジー
背景:
- クレータ紀-旧紀 (K-Pg) の境界線は,大量絶滅の出来事を示しています.
- 生物学的回復,特に海洋原産物の理解は極めて重要です.
- 骨格のない原始生産者は,限られた化石記録を残します.
研究 の 目的:
- K-Pgインパクト後の海洋原産物の回復を再構築する.
- フィスケラー境界層の高解像度地化学記録を提供するために.
- 光合成障害の持続時間とその後の生態学的変化を調査する.
主な方法:
- フィスケラー層における安定同位体 (炭素と窒素) の分析.
- 藻類のステランと細菌のホーパンの定量化.
- デンマークのKulstirendenで高解像度の地化学プロフィール作成.
主要な成果:
- 藻類の一次生産性は,衝突後1世紀未満で著しく減少した.
- 炭素固定の急速な復活が観察されました.
- 証拠は,迅速な生態学的再編成を示しています.
結論:
- K-Pgの衝突により,海洋の光合成が短期間中断した.
- 急速な回復と再編成は1世紀以内に起こった.
- 地化学のプロクシーは,プランクトンの生態系の動態に関する洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:30Marine Microbial Ecology
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
02:56The Fossil Record
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
01:06Primary Production
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
01:07Speciation Rates
Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
01:18Deep Sea Microbial Ecology
The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...