Ardipithecus ramidusに照らして人間の起源を再検討する
1Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA. olovejoy@aol.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 8, 2009
まとめ
アフリカの類人猿を用いた人間の進化の基準モデルは,Ardipithecusによって偽造されている. この化石は,初期のヒト類が類人猿から大きく異なっていたことを明らかにし,新たな進化論の理論が必要になった.
科学分野:
- 古人類学は,古人類学である.
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- プリマトロジー・プリマトロジー学
背景:
- 人間の進化の伝統的なモデルは,現存するアフリカの類人猿 (チンパンジー,ゴリラ) との比較に基づいています.
- これらのモデルは,人間の行動を猿の行動の強化されたバージョンとして解釈します.
- アーディピテカスの発見は,これらの長年の比較モデルに挑戦しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 新しい化石の証拠に照らして,初期の人類の進化モデルを再評価する.
- チンパンジーと共有した最後の共通の祖先からの初期のヒト類の分岐を調査する.
- ホミニドの起源を理解するための代替的な枠組みを提案する.
主な方法:
- アルディピテクスと現存する類人猿の比較解剖分析.
- 進化的関係を決定するための系統遺伝分析.
- 初期のヒト類の進化の生態学的文脈の再構築.
主要な成果:
- Ardipithecusは,現代の類人猿とは異なる特性を引き出しており,直接抽出モデルを偽造しています.
- ロコモーションと犬の縮小を含む主要なホミニドの特徴は,ホミニドの系統の初期に現れた.
- 初期のヒト類と現存する類人猿は,基本的な特徴において著しい差異を示している.
結論:
- 現存するアフリカの類人猿は,初期の人類進化の信頼できる参照モデルとして機能するにはあまりにも派生している.
- 類人猿の同型性ではなく,一般的な進化論が人間の起源を説明するために必要である.
- 新しいアダプティブ・スイート・モデルは,猿と人間の重要な違いと,後のヒト類の成功を説明する.
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