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関連する概念動画

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

2.9K
In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
2.9K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

2.1K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
2.1K
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

7.5K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
7.5K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

2.0K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2.0K
P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

1.5K
A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
1.5K

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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クーパー・ペア・スプリッターは,2つの量子ドットY交差点で実現された.

L Hofstetter1, S Csonka, J Nygård

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Nature
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,超伝導体と量子ドットを使用して,絡み合った電子ペアを生成するために,新しいクーパーペアスプリッターを作成しました. この突破により,量子非局所性とアインシュタイン-ポドルスキー-ローゼンパラドックスに関する最初の固体状態のテストが可能になった.

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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科学分野:

  • 量子力学は,量子力学という
  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • 量子情報科学とは,量子情報科学である.

背景:

  • 量子力学の重要な特徴である非局所性には,空間的に分離された量子システムにおける相関関係が含まれています.
  • 絡み合った光子を用いた非局所性の実験テストは確立されているが,固体電子類は存在しない.
  • フェルミ海の電子は,要求に応じて絡み合った電子ペアの生成と分裂を妨げます.

研究 の 目的:

  • 固体状態で絡み合った電子ペアを生成するための調整可能なクーパーペア分割器を実験的に実現する.
  • マクロスコーピック量子基本状態の内部で絡み合った電子を創造し,操作するという課題を克服するために.
  • 電子を用いたアインシュタイン・ポドルスキー・ローゼン (EPR) パラドックスとベル不等式の将来のテストを可能にするために.

主な方法:

  • クーパーペアの源として超伝導体をスピン・シングレット状態で利用する.
  • 超伝導体を2つの通常の金属のドレインコンタクトに接続することで,制御されたクーパーペア分割を実行します.
  • 個別に調節可能な量子ドットを使用して,クーロン相互作用とクーパーペア分割を通じて電子の排斥を強制します.

主要な成果:

  • 調節可能なクーパー・ペア・スプリッターの最初の実験実用化を実証した.
  • クーパー・ペアを絡み合った電子に分割する上で驚くほど高い効率を達成した.
  • 固体状態で絡み合った電子ペアを生成するための実行可能な方法を確立しました.

結論:

  • 開発されたクーパー・ペア・スプリッターは,絡み合った電子の効率的な供給源を提供します.
  • この研究は,EPRパラドックスと固体系のベル不等式の最初の実験テストの道を開く.
  • 移動電子を用いて量子非局所性を探求するための新しい道を開く.