メフロキンによる長期マラリア予防の有効性と耐性. よりよい投与方式が必要である
H O Lobel1, K W Bernard, S L Williams
1Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga 30333.
JAMA
|January 16, 1991
まとめ
マラリアに対するメフロキンの予防は,クロロキンと比較して有効性が向上した. しかし,2週間毎の投与は血中濃度が低いため,週1回の投与はPlasmodium falciparumの感染を予防する上で有効である可能性を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- トロピカル・メディシンは,熱帯医学です.
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
背景:
- マラリアは,特にプラズモジア・ファルシパラムは,世界的な健康にとって重大な脅威であり続けています.
- クロロクイン耐性症は,代替予防戦略を必要とします.
- メフロキンは,マラリア予防の潜在的な代替薬である.
研究 の 目的:
- 長期マラリア予防のためのメフロキンの有効性と安全性をクロロキンと比較する.
- メフロキンの有効性に対する異なる投与頻度の影響を評価する.
- メフロキンの予防と関連した有害反応を評価する.
主な方法:
- 西アフリカの平和軍ボランティアを対象とした比較研究.
- ボランティアは2週間に1度メフロクインまたは1週間に1度クロロクインリン酸塩を投与された.
- Plasmodium falciparumマラリアの発生率と有害事象が記録されました.
主要な成果:
- メフロキンは,マラリア予防においてクロロキンよりも63%高い効果を示した.
- P. falciparumの感染の月間発生率は,メフロキンを服用したボランティア100人に1人,クロロキンを服用したボランティア100人に2.7人でした.
- メフロクインによる予防失敗は,2週毎の投与の2週目で発生し,血中濃度の低下と関連していた.
結論:
- クロロクイン耐性マラリア地域への旅行者は,毎週メフロキンの予防 (250 mg) を考慮する必要があります.
- 2週間毎のメフロキンの投与量は,血中濃度が低下しているため,不最適である可能性があります.
- メフロキンはよく耐えられ,深刻な副作用は認められませんでした.
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