海洋における人為的なCO2濃度の歴史の再構築
S Khatiwala1, F Primeau, T Hall
1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. spk@ldeo.columbia.edu
Nature
|November 20, 2009
まとめ
人間の活動により二酸化炭素 (CO2) が放出され,気候変動が引き起こされます. 海洋は,この二酸化炭素の多くを吸収し,南洋は重要な入り口であり,地球温暖化を緩和するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 人為的な二酸化炭素 (CO2) 排出は,地球規模の気候変動の主な原動力である.
- 海洋は,人為的なCO2の20〜35%を吸収し,気候の調節に重要な役割を果たしています.
- 大気中のCO2の分布,吸収率,および海洋および陸上のシンクの相対的な貢献に関する重大な不確実性が存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- 産業時代の海洋による人類による二酸化炭素の歴史的,空間的に解明された,および時間依存の吸収を再構築する.
- 海洋の人類によるCO2の在庫と吸収率を定量化するために.
- 二酸化炭素の吸収のための主要な海洋地域と,陸上の生物圏の歴史的役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 海洋における人為的な炭素の観察に基づく再構築を用いた.
- 海洋トレーサー輸送をモデル化するためにグリーンズ関数アプローチを採用しました.
- 最大エントロピーの解像度を使用して,トレーサーデータからグリーンの関数を推定した.
主要な成果:
- 人為的なCO2の海洋吸収は,1950年代以降大幅に増加し,最近はわずかに減速しています.
- 2008年に推定された人類による海洋CO2の埋蔵量は140 ± 25 Pg Cで,吸収率は2.3 ± 0.6 Pg C yr ((-1) であった.
- 南極海は,人類による海洋のCO2の40%以上を占めています.
- 陸上の生物圏は1940年代以降,二酸化炭素源から吸収源へと移行し,工業化時代には海洋の二酸化炭素の半分まで貢献した.
結論:
- 人為的なCO2を吸収する海洋の能力は,南洋が支配的な経路であることから,大幅に増加しました.
- 陸上の生物圏の役割は変化しており,産業時代全体で潜在的に純源として機能しています.
- 炭素吸収源の正確な定量化は,将来の気候変動を理解し予測するために不可欠です.
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